86 ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



Obliquo-transversales (Fig. 17, A, No. i). Location. — Supero- 

 lateral to the vertebrae. 



Origin and Insertion. — Passes obliquely from the transverse 

 process of one vertebra to the postzygapophysis of the vertebra 

 beyond^ 



Shape. — A thin fasciculus. 



Relations. — Inferiorly with the interarticulares and laterally with 

 the iatertransversales. 



Action. — ^Aids in flexing the vertebrae supero-Iaterally. 



Intertransversales (Fig. 19, No. 12). Location — Laterally to the 

 vertebrae. 

 ' Origin and Insertion. — ^Extend between the transverse processes 

 beginning at the third cervical vertebra. 



Shape. — Short, thick. 



Relations. — Laterally the vertebrae. Superiorly the obUquo- 

 transversales. 



Action. — ^Aid^ in flexing the vertebrae laterally. 



Scalenus Medius (Fig. 19, No. 18). (Synon3mi. — Scalenus.) 



Location. — Supero-lateraUy to the entrance of the thorax. 



Origin. — From the diapophysis and pleurapophysis of the eleventh 

 cervical vertebra. 



Insertion. — ^To the entire border of the first rib. A few fibers 

 pass over to the anterior free margin of the middle third of the 

 second rib. 



Shape. — Rather pyramidal in shape with base uppermost. 



Relations. — ^Posteriorly with the levatores costarum. Internally 

 with -the longus colU. 



Action. — When the first rib is fixed singly, turns the neck to one 

 side; acting with its fellow, extends the neck. When the neck is 

 fixed, by drawing the first rib forward, it acts as an inspiratory 

 muscle. 



THE MUSCLES OF THE AIR PASSAGES 



The Superior Larynx 



Constrictor glottidis Thyreo-arytenoideus 



The Inferior Larynx 



Tracheo-lateraUs Broncho-tracheahs posticus 



Broncho-tracheaUs anticus Broncho-tracheahs brevis 



Bronchialis posticus Bronchiahs anticus 



Sterno-tracheaUs 



