I40 



ANATOMY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL 



lower mandible, and is slung to the cranium by the cerato-branchial 

 element of the os hyoideum (Fig. i8, No. 2). 



Shape. — The tongue, is pointed in front and wide behind, shaped 

 like an Indian arrow-head, and is supported by the bony and 

 cartilaginous hyoid apparatus (Fig. g, A). 



Fig. 31. — The visceral organs of the hen. i, Tongue. 2, Larynx. 3, Glottis. 

 4, First portion of the esophagus. 5, Crop. 6, Second portion of the esophagus. 

 7, Proventriculus. 8, Duodenum. 9, Free or floating portion of the smaE intes- 

 tine. 10, Mesentery supporting the free portion of the small intestine. 11, 

 Caeca. 12, Rectum or large intestine. 13, Cloaca. 14, Anus. 15, Liver. 

 16, Gall-bladder. 17. Pancreas. 18, Gizzard. 19, Trachea. 20, Lungs. 

 21, Spleen. 



Structure.- — The free part of the tongue consists of two long tubes 

 which are formed by the rolhng in of the ventral sides of its homy 

 coverings. The dorsal plate, which constitutes one-half of the 



