WINTER APPLES. 185 



Roman Stem. Medium in size, round-ovate ; whitish yel- 

 low, with a faint brownish blush ; stalk one-half to three- 

 fourths of an inch long, with a fleshy protuberance at 

 insertion ; cavity shallow ; basin narrow, slightly plaited ; 

 flesh tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid, good second rate 

 flavor. Keeps through winter. New Jersey. 



ROXBURY RUSSET. (Syn. Boston Russet, Putnam 

 Russet of Ohio.) Medium or large, roundish-oblate, 

 remotely conical, partly or wholly covered with rather 

 rough russet on greenish yellow ground, sometimes a 

 dull brown cheek ; stalk one-half to an inch long, cavity 

 acute ; basin round, moderate ; flesh greenish white, 

 rather granular, slightly crisp, with a good sub-acid 

 flavor. Keeps late in spring. Large specimens become 

 conical, with short thick stalks ; small specimens are 

 more flat, and with longer and more slender stalks. 

 Growth spreading, shoots downy. Although not of the 

 highest flavor, its productiveness, uniformly fair fruit, 

 and long keeping, render this variety one of the most 

 profitable for orchard culture. It succeeds well through- 

 out the Northern States, but partially fails in a few 

 localities in Ohio. Fig. 139. 



The Warner Russet (new) resembles the Roxbury, but is a 

 finer and more vigorous grower. 



Sam Young. Small, regular, oblate ; bright yellow, partly 

 russetted ; stalk short ; calyx large, open ; flesh greenish, 

 juicy, with a rich, fine flavor. Early winter. Irish. 



Shippen's Russet. Large, roundish-ovate, flattened, taper- 

 ing to apex ; mostly russeted on greenish yellow ground, 

 tinged red in the sun; stalk three-quarters of an inch 

 long, deep set ; basin small ; flesh rather spongy, sub- 

 acid or rather acid, second rate. 



Surprise. Small, round-ovate, skin light yellow, flesh light 

 dull red, flavor poor. A curiosity on account of its yellow 

 skin and red flesh. 



SWAAR. Rather large, roundish, slightly flattened at the 

 ends, often considerably oblate, sides regularly rounded, 

 crown as wide as base ; color greenish yellow becoming 

 a rich yellow, sometimes faintly russeted ; and a small 



