THE GENUS SPIROCHETA AND ALLIES 219 



spirochetes a given species will be placed in one division or another, 

 according to the discretion of the present author in following one or 

 another authority. With this preliminary caution the following table 

 of the different kinds of spirochetes, classified according to the pres- 

 ence or absence of so-called flagella and undulating membrane, is 

 based. 



A. Type Genus Spieocheta. 



With undulating membrane; without flagella. 



Spirocheta plicatilis. Ehrenberg, 1838. Free living. Length up to 200 fi. 



Sp. balbianii. Certes, 1882. In oysters, clams, etc. Length up to 150 fi. 



Sp. anodontae. Keysselitz, 1906. Mussell (anodon). Length up to 60 fi. 



Sp. vincenti. Blanchard, 1906. Human ulcers. 



Sp. pyogenes. Mezincescu, 1904. Tuberculous cattle. 



Sp. refringens. Schaudinn, 1905. Human syphilitic lesions (external). 



Sp. pseudopallida. Kiolemenoglou and von Cube. Ulcerating carcinoma. 



Sp. eberthi. Kent, 1880. Bird intestine. 



Sp. gigantea. Warming, 1874. 



Sp. buccalis. Steinberg, 1862. Probably same as dentium. Same habitat. 



B. Genus Treponema. 



Without undulating membrane; with flagella. 



Treponema pallidum. Schaudinn, 1905. In human and ape syphilitic lesions. 



Tr. pertenuis. Castellani, 1905. In lesions of frambesia or yaws. 



Tr. anserinum. Sacharofi^, 1890. Blood of geese. 



Tr. gallinarum. March, and Salimbeni, 1903. Blood of chickens. 



Tr. theileri. Laver. and Valine, 1904. Blood of cattle. . 



Tr. muris. Wenyon (Tr. Laverani, Breinl and Kinghorn). Blood of mice. 



C. Undetermined Forms Referred to Genera Spirocheta and 

 Spirillum. 



Spirocheta dentium. Koch, 1877. Human mouth and teeth. 



Sp. vaccinae. Bonhof, 1905. Pustules of calf. 



Sp. recurrentis (Sp. obermeieri). Lebert, 1874. Cause of relapsing fever. 



Sp. duttoni. Novy and Knapp, 1906. Cause of tick fever in man. 



Sp. microgyrata. Lowenthal, 1906. Ulcerating human carcinoma. 



Sp. microgyrata. Low. var. Gaylordi. In non-ulcerating mouse tumors. 



Sp. of dysentery. Le Dantec. 



Sp. ovis. Novy and Knapp. Blood of sheep. 



Sp. equi. Novy and Knapp, 1906. Blood of horses. 



Sp. vespertilionis. Novy and Knapp, 1906. Blood of bat. 



Sp. muris, variety Virginiana. MacjSTeal, 1907. Blood of rat. ^/ 



So far as the morphology is concerned, the best known of these forms 

 are the giant spirochetes Sp. balbianii and anodontos, which have been 

 described by Certes, Laveran and Mesnil, Perrin, Swellengrebel, 

 Keysselitz, and Fantham (Fig. 88). The large size and definite struc- 



