FIELD KEY TO COMMON BIRDS. 77 



2. Length 4-50 inches; back gray, cap black, a blackish streak through 



the face ; under parts reddish brown ; note, high and thin, like the tone 



of a penny trumpet ; Sept. to Apl. Eed-breasted Nuthatch, page 25. 



S. Length 5'25 inches ; upper parts streaked black and white ; note, a thin 



wiry see-see-see-see ; Apl. 25 to Oct. 



Black and white Waebleb, page 226. 

 II. Birds with stiffly pointed tail-feathers, that always climb upward. 



1. Length 5-65 inches ; plmnage dull brown and black ; size small, bill 

 slender ; an inconspicuous bird who winds his way up the trunks search- 

 ing for insects' eggs, etc. ; note, fine and squeaky ; Sept. 25 to Apl. 



Beowu Ceeepeb, page 246. 



2. Plumage with more or less white, size larger, bill stouter, chisel-like, 

 often used in hammering. 



A. Length 9-75 inches; head red, back black; flight showing a large 

 white patch in the wing . . . Ked-headed Woodpeokeb, page 140. 



B. Length 12-00 inches; crown gray; a red band on the nape; flight 

 showing a white patch on the lower back and yellow in the wings ; 

 often flushed from the ground ; note, hee-yer . . Flickee, page 138. 



C. Length 6'75 inches ; crown black ; back and wings black and white ; 

 note, a sharp peeh Downy Woodpeokeb, page 138. 



THIRD GROUP. 



BIRDS NOT INCLUDED IN THE PRECEDINO GROUPS. 



{Blackbirds, Orioles, Sparrows, Vireos, Wartlers, Thrushes, etc.) 



Section I. With yellow or orange in the plumage. 



Section II. With red in the plumage. 



Section III. With blue in the plumage. 



Section IV. Plumage conspicuously black, or black and white. 



Section V. Birds not included in the preceding sections. 



I. With yello-w or orange in the plumage. 



1. Throat yellow. 

 A. Throat and breast pure yellow, witJwut streaks or spots. 



a. Length 5'10 inches ; cap, wings, and tail black ; back yellow ; song 

 canarylike, sometimes uttered on the wing ; flight undulating, fre- 

 quently accompanied by the notes chic-o-ree, per-chic-o-ree ; a per- 

 manent resident Am. Goldfinch, page 198. 



b. Length 5'95 inches ; lower belly and wing-bars white ; back olive- 

 grecn ; frequents the upper branches, generally in woodland ; actions 

 deliberate ; song loud and musical, uttered slowly, often with pauses : 

 " See me ? I'm here ; where are you ? " ; May to Sept. 



Yellow-throated Vibeo, page 222. 

 n. Length 5-25 inches ; cheeks and forehead black, bordered by ashy ; 

 upper parts olive-green ; no wing-bars ; haunts thickets and under- 

 growth : movements nervous and active ; call-note pit or chad / 

 song, a vigorous, rapid witch-e-wee-o, witch-e-wee-o ; May to Oct. 



Maryland Yellow-throat, page 234. 



