INTRODUCTION Ixxxiii 



up with a knowledge of the principle, and that the principle itself was 

 expressly stated in the course of the negotiations.' 



Mr. Albert Gallatin, one of the negotiators of the Convention of 

 1818, mentions this principle of law in his supplementary report to the 

 Secretary of State, written within a fortnight of the negotiations and 

 while the matter was uppermost in his mind. He says, under date 

 of November 6, 1818 (the Convention was signed oh the 20th of the 

 preceding month), speaking for his colleague, Mr. Rush, as well as for 

 himself: 



"We applied those principles to fisheries which, independent of the special circum- 

 stances of our treaty of peace of 1783, were always considered as partaking in their 

 nature of territorial rights. . . . Although our argiunents were not answered, it appeared 



■ See the following references to treatises on international law, in all of which the doctrine 

 of servitudes is recognized and treated with varying degrees of fullness and detail: Bluntschli: 

 Das Moderne Volkerrecht der civilisirten Staten (1868, French translation by Lardy, sth ed., 

 189s), sees. 3S3-3S9, PP- 212-215; Bonfils: Manuel de Droit International Public, sth ed. 

 edited by Fauchille (1908), sees. 339-344. PP- 189-192; Calvo: Dictionnaire de Droit Inter- 

 national (188s), Vol. II, pp. 214-215; idem: Droit International, sth ed. {1890), Vol. Ill, sec. 

 1583. pp. 3S6-3S7; Chretien: Principes de Droit International Public (1893), sees. 259-263, 

 pp. 268-273; Clauss: Die Lehre von den Staatsdienstbarkeiten (1894) ; Creasy: First Plat- 

 form of International Law (1876), sees. 256-261; Despagnet: Cours de. Droit International 

 Public, 3d ed. (1905), sees. 190-192, pp. 204-207; Diena: Principi di Diritto Intemazionale 

 (1908), pp. 125-129; Fiore: Diritto Intemazionale Codificato, 4th ed. (1909), sees. 1095-1097, 

 pp. 428-429; idem: French translation by Chretien (1890), sees. 615-619; idem: Nouveau 

 Droit International Public (French translation by Antoine, 1885), Vol. I, sees. 380-381, 

 pp. 336-338; Vol. II, sees. 829-830, pp. 116-118; Fabre: Des Servitudes dans le Droit Inter- 

 national (1901); Gareis: Institutionen des Volkerrechts, 2d ed. (1901), see. 71, pp. 205-206; 

 Hall, International Law, 5th ed. (1904), pp. 159-160; Halleck: International Law (1861), 

 ch. IV, sec. 20, pp. 92-93; Hartmann: Institutionen des praktischen Volkerrecht (1874), sec. 

 62, pp. 179-181; Heffter: Europaisches Volkerrecht der Gegenwart (1844), French edition 

 edited by Getfcken (1883), sees. 43, 64, 67, pp. 104-108, 154, 158; Heilborn: System des 

 Volkerrechts (1896), pp. 30-34; HoUatz: Begriff und Wesen der Staatsservituten (1908); 

 Holtzendorff: Handbuch des Volkerrechts {1887), Vol. II, sec. 52, pp. 2/16-252; Kluber: Droit 

 des Gens Moderne de I'Europe (1819, cited from Ott's 2d ed., 1874), sees 137-139, pp. 194-198; 

 Lomonaco: Trattato di Diritto Intemazionale Pubblico (1905), p. 248; G. F. de Martens: 

 Precis du Droit des Gens Modeme.de I'Europe, edited by Vergfi (1864), Vol. I, sec. 115, pp. 

 313-315; F. de Martens: Traits de Droit International (French translation by L60, 1883), 

 Vol. I, sees. 93-95, pp. 479-491; Mfirignhac: Traits de Droit International Public (1907), 

 Vol. II, pp. 366-370; Neumann: Grundriss des heutigen Europaischen Volkerrechts, 3d ed. 

 (1885), sec. 13, pp. 31-33; OUvart: Tratado de Derecho Intemadonal Pubhco, 4th ed. (1903), 

 sec. 53, pp. 368-372; H. B. Oppenheim: System des Volkerrechts, 2d ed. (1866), sees. 9-10, 

 pp. 140-145; L. Oppenheim: International Law (1905), Vol. I, sees. 203-208, pp. 257-263; 

 Phillimore: International Law, 3d ed. (1879), Vol. I, sees. 277-283, pp. 388-392; Pi^delievre: 

 PrMs de Droit Intemational Public (1894), sec. 288, p. 259; Pradier-Fod6rfi: Traits de Droit 

 International Public (1885), Vol. II, sees. 834-845, pp. 395-406; Rivier: Lehrbuch des Volker- 

 rechts, 2d ed., 1899, pp. 192-194; idem: Principes du Droit des Gens, 1896, Vol. I, sec. 23, 

 pp. 296-303; Taylor: International Public Law (1901), sees. 217, 252, 346, pp. 263, 299-301, 

 369; Twiss: Law of Nations, 2d ed. (1884), Vol. I, sec. 245, pp. 423-424; Ullmann: Volker- 

 recht, 2d ed. (1908), sees. 99-100, pp. 319-324; Vattel: Droit des Gens, 1758 (Chitty's English 

 translation, edited by Ingraham, 1852), Bk. II, ch. 7, sec. 89, p. 168; Westlake: International 

 Law (1904), Vol. I, pp. 60-62; Wharton: Commentaries on American Law (1884), sees. 149- 

 150, pp. 228-229; Wheaton: International Law (Dana's ed., 1866), sec. 268; Wilson and Tucker: 

 Intemational Law, sth ed. (1909), pp. 123, 152-153. 



The above authorities were cited and reUed upon in the Argument of the United States, 

 p. ig, footnote a. 



