42 BIRDS OF CALIFORNIA AFFECTING FRUIT INDUSTRY. 
OTHER CALIFORNIA VIREOS. 
Several other species and subspecies of vireos occur in California, 
but in the general character of their food they agree closely with the 
foregoing., 
BEETLES FOUND IN STOMACHS OF VIREOS. 
Coccinella t. californica, Gastroidea viridula. 
Hippodamiu convergens. Blapstinus spp. 
Nevius Spp. Apion cribricollis. 
-lyrilis spp. Balaninus spp. 
Crepidodera helaines, Copturodes koebelei. 
WARBLERS. 
(Mniotiltide.) 
The warblers, or more properly the wood warblers, to distinguish 
them from the warblers of the Old World (Sylviide), are a large 
family of rather small and often brightly colored birds. For the 
most part they inhabit woods and shrubbery, and while some of them 
obtain their food from the ground they seldom wander far from 
trees and bushes. The species and subspecies are so widely dis- 
tributed that, excepting the deserts, there are no very extensive areas 
within the boundaries of the United States that do not have their 
complement of these interesting birds. Their food consists largely 
of insects, and they subsist upon species which frequent the leaves 
and trunks of trees. Wasps and flies (Hymenoptera and Diptera) 
form a large portion of their diet, and as these insects are the best 
of fliers a considerable portion of them are taken on the wing. The 
warblers probably eat more of these elusive insects than does any other 
family of birds except the flycatchers (Tyrannide) and the swallows. 
Upward of 75 species and subspecies of warblers are known within 
the limits of the United States, and a majority of these occur in the 
West, though perhaps they are not so abundant individually as in 
the Mississippi Valley and Appalachian region. 
The genus Dendroica, as the one best exhibiting the characteristic 
traits of the group, may be taken as the type of the family. There 
are about 30 species and subspecies of the genus in this country, and 
the ones whose food is discussed in the following pages occur in 
California and on the Pacific coast generally. 
In a résumé of the food of the warbler family one is impressed 
with the general noxious character of the insects which compose it. 
The order of Ilemiptera, commonly called bugs, contains some of the 
_ Worst insect. pests that afflict mankind. Moreover, from their small 
size and unobtrusive habits they are not eaten by many of the larger 
birds and are difficult to exterminate by the devices of man. But 
in some of their multiple forms they are preyed upon by the warblers 
