94 BIRDS OF CALIFORNIA AFFECTING FRUIT INDUSTRY. 
stomach. Scale insects amount to 19.83 percent, or practically one- 
fifth of the whole food. Most of these were the black olive scale 
(Saissetia olex), but a few were the plum and prune scales (Lecanium 
cornt and L. pruinosum). So persistently are scales eaten by this 
bird that they were found in 142 of the 225 stomachs, or 63 percent 
of all. While they did not entirely fill any stomach, in 26 they equaled 
or exceeded 50 percent of the contents. Hemiptera other than scales 
amount to a trifle over 1 percent. 
Caterpillars, pupe, and a few moths aggregate 7.7 percent. They 
were mostly eaten in April and May. Pupe or larvee of the codling 
moth were found in 26 stomachs, one stomach containing the remains 
of 29. Flies, grasshoppers, a few other insects, spiders, and miscel- 
laneous creatures make up somewhat more than 1 percent. Egg- 
shells were found in several stomachs and the bones of a small fish 
in one. The animal food of the grosbeak, it will be observed, is 
nearly all included in the 3 items, beetles, scales, and caterpillars. 
The other substances appear to be eaten merely as makeshifts. 
Following are the insects identified in the stomachs of the gros- 
beak: 
COLEOPTERA. 
Platynus variolatus. Syneta albida. 
Rhizobius ventralis. Gastrovdea cyanea. 
Psyllobora taedata. Gastrovdea sp. 
Megapenthes elegans. Lina scripta. 
Buprestis fasciata. Diabrotica soror. 
Podabrus sp. Diabrotica triviitata. 
Telephorus consors. 
Telephorus divisus. 
Telephorus sp. 
Aphodius rugifrons. 
Aphodius sp. 
Leptura militaris. 
Blapstinus sp. 
Deporaus glastinus. 
Scythropus californicus. 
Dorytomus hispidulus. 
Baris sp. 
Balaninus sp. 
HEMIPTERA. 
Saissetia olex. Lecanium corni. 
Lecanium pruinosum. 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Carpocapsa pomonella. 
HYMENOPTERA. 
Apis mellifera. ? 
DIPTERA. 
Borborus sp. 
Vegetable food.—Cultivated fruit amounts to 23 percent of the 
grosbeak’s food for the six months that it stays in the North. None 
was found in the stomachs taken in April, but in all other months 
there was a good percentage. Cherries appear to be the favorite 
fruit, as they were contained in 42 stomachs. Figs were identified 
in 24 stomachs, blackberries or raspberries in 23, strawberries in 2, 
