THE UTILIZATION OF ENERGY. 507 
doing 1 kgm. of work of ascent, and the utilization of the available 
energy in the latter case is 35.73 per cent. 
Work of Drajt.—For the work of draft at a walk, up a slight 
incline, the results tabulated in Table X of the Appendix were 
obtained. 
Giving x and y the same significance as before, and letting z 
represent the oxygen or energy corresponding to one gram-meter of 
work of draft, we have the following equation, based on the results 
per kilogram live weight and meter traveled: 
x+5.115y+153.127z= 306.561 c.mm.= 1.5021 cals. 
Substituting in this the average values of x and y obtained as in- 
dicated in the previous paragraph, but from a larger number of 
experiments, we have 
z=1.4504 c.mm.= .007143 cal. per gram-meter. 
The above details of a few of the experiments may serve to illus- 
trate the methods of computation employed. Similar determina- 
tions were made upon various forms of work under differing condi- 
tions, the results of which will be given later. 
Correction for Speed.—Before final data could be obtained, 
however, it was found necessary to take account of the speed of the 
animal, since comparisons of the various periods showed that the 
metabolism due to the work of locomotion at a walk increased 
materially as the velocity increased. 
To compute the necessary correction, the authors divide the 
thirty-five experiments of Table VIII into three groups according 
to the speed. For each group the oxygen and energy correspond- 
ing to the work of ascent are computed, using the values of y given 
on the previous page (1359 c.mm.; 6.5858 cals.), and subtracted 
from the total, leaving the following as the amounts per kilogram 
live weight due to horizontal locomotion: 
Oxygen ‘ Oxygen Re- | Increase of | Heat Value 
No. of Velocity Contac’ Respira- | calculated to] Oxygen per | of Oxygen 
Experi-| per Minute, per Kg. tory Respiratory eter pee Meter 
ments. | “ Meters. and Meter, | Quotient: | Quotient of | Velocity, | (Corrected), 
c.mm. ; 0.86, c.mm c¢.mm. cals. 
6 78.00. 66.69 0.896 67 32 0.697 0.3363 
20 90.16 76.04 0.848 75.80 0.683 0.3787 
9 98.11 80.97 0.873 S123) luees onan te 0.4058 
Digitized by Microsoft® 
