THE UTILIZATION OF ENERGY. 535 
in round numbers, to 85,400 kilogram-meters in the earlier experi- 
ments and to 90,480 in the one just cited. While these figures are 
not correct absolutely, they are probably comparable, being ob- 
tained with the same apparatus. In the later experiment the 
work of locomotion is computed by Wolff’s formula, which gives 
higher results than Kellner’s. Taking this into account we may 
regard the agreement of the two equivalents as satisfactory. 
VALUE OF CrupE Fisrr.—lIn all the experiments with con- 
centrated feeds the additional nutrients digested from the added 
food contained no crude fiber, the apparent difference, indeed, 
being in most cases, as in the above experiment, negative. When 
hay was added, on the other hand, over one fourth of the addi- 
tional nutrients digested consisted of crude fiber. If, now, we 
neglect this crude fiber and compare the work and the fiber-free 
nutrients we have 1018.55 + 4.00 = 254.64 grams of fiber-free nutri- 
ents per 100 revolutions, or a figure corresponding almost exactly 
with that obtained for the fiber-free nutrients added in oats or 
starch. In other words, it would appear from this result that the 
digested crude fiber of hay is as valueless for work production as it 
appears to be for maintenance. 
If, however, the crude fiber is valueless both for maintenance 
and work, then by omitting it altogether from our computations we 
ought to get results for the maintenance ration and for the ratio of 
nutrients to work which are independent of the proportion of grain 
to coarse fodder in the ration. Confirmatory evidence of this sort 
is abundantly furnished by Wolff’s experiments and likewise by 
the results of Grandeau on maintenance. Taking first the averages 
of the experiments of 1877-1886 (p. 532) we have— 
Nutrients Digested. Fiber-free Nutrients 
No. of Equiva- for Maintenance. 
: Revolu- - lent " 
rota, | Crude | ante’ | 7e"kes. | “drs: 'l per tteaa,| Per 500° 
G Fiber, Fib er 1 Kgs. 
Tms. | Grms. Gime Grms. Grins. 
Horse I..... 6306 815 5491 600 1890 3601 3378 
ee eo 6078 978 5100 577 1818 3282 3282 
“Til 5718 809 4909 561 1766 143 3306 
AVET ARC vc c'|los ani ad (Saas as eadanddletiame s oleae esene tleaeeened 3322 
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