LONG-TAILED DUCK: OLD SQUAW. 193 



and the scapulars having the edges fulvous. Wing coverts, 

 brownish black; secondaries, grayish on outer web, edged with 

 whitish. Primaries, black at tip; dark purplish brown on outer 

 webs, with light edges. Four middle tail feathers, black, with 

 white shafts, the central pair greatly elongated, rest of tail, 

 white; some feathers, dark brown on outer web along the shaft. 

 Breast and upper part of abdomen, chocolate brown; rest of un- 

 der parts and flanks, white. Bill, black, with a broad rose pink 

 band crossing the maxilla in front of the nostrils. Iris, light 

 hazel. Legs and feet, pale bluish white; webs, dusky. Total 

 length varies greatly according to the elongation of the central 

 pair of tail feathers, from 21 to 23 inches; wing, 8,^; culmen, i-^; 

 tarsus, ij; middle tail feathers, 8 to g^. 



Adult Female in Summer. — Head and neck, dark grayish 

 brown; space around the eye, and one on each side of neck, 

 grayish white. Upper parts, blackish brown; feathers of upper 

 back, with light brown tips; the scapulars almost entirely light 

 brown, with blackish brown centers. Wings, similar to male. 

 Upper tail coverts, blackish brown, feathers tipped with light 

 brown. Tail, median pair not elongated, dark brown in center, 

 growing lighter toward outer feathers, which are almost entirely 

 white. Upper part of breast and anterior part of sides, light 

 brown, rest of under parts, pure white. Bill, dusky olive gray. 

 Legs and feet, bluish gray. Iris, yellow. Total length, about 18 

 inches; wing, 8J; culmen, i; tarsus, 1^. 



Adult Male in IVinter.—Sides of head and orbital region, and 

 in some specimens also, the lores, mouse gray. A large patch on 

 sides of neck, black, grading into mouse gray on its lower por- 

 tion. Rest of head, including the eyelids, and neck, upper parts 

 of back and chest, white. Middle of back, rump, upper tail cov- 

 erts, and wings, black. Scapulars, pearl gray. Secondaries, 

 reddish brown. Tail, black on median feathers; central pair, 

 elongated, growing lighter toward outer feathers, which are 

 nearly all white. Breast and upper part of abdomen chocolate 

 brown, in some specimens, black; rest of under parts, pure white. 

 Bill, orange yellow; basal half on sides, and nail, black. Iris, 

 carmine. Legs and feet, bluish gray. 



Adult Female in Winter.— Forehead and crown, dusky; ear 

 coverts, throat, and space about the eye, grayish white. Rest of 

 head, neck, and lower parts, white. Jugulum, brown. Upper 

 parts, dark brown; the scapulars, wing coverts, outer web of 



