204 WATER FOWL. 



Ohio River in the interior, and to Lower California in the west. 

 Breeds in the Arctic regions. Accidental in Bermuda and in 

 Europe. 



Adult Male. — Triangular spot on forehead, with the point 

 forward, occupying nearly all the space between the eyes, and 

 another large one on nape, pointing downward, white. Kntire 

 rest of plumage, glossy black, lightest on under parts; no white 

 on wing. Bill has the " upper mandible {maxilla), above at base, 

 including nostrils, dull crimson, this changed to flame scarlet 

 over the front of the mandible {maxilla') ; nail, cadmium yellow, 

 narrowly edged anteriorly with lighter yellow, and sometimes 

 posteriorly with light lavender; sides with large squarish patch 

 of black at base, this separated from the black feathering above 

 it by orange, and from the feathering behind by a narrower edge 

 of crimson; beneath this black patch and in front of it as far as 

 anterior edge of nostril, or thereabouts, continuously white, the 

 remainder of the sides (anteriorly to the white portion), pure 

 orange; lower mandible nail like its fellow above; back of this 

 for a short distance, reddish flesh color, terminating irregularly 

 in white, the white continued to the base, with more or less 

 black on the naked skin between the rami; feet, outer sides 

 of tarsus and toes, excepting inner toe, crimson; the inner 

 side, with both sides of inner toe, orange chrome, deepening 

 in part to orange vermilion; joints and other portions blotchily 

 marked with black; webs, solidly black." — Trumbull. Iris, 

 white; pupil, black. Total length, about 21 inches; wing, gj; 

 culmen, i^; tarsus, i-fiy. 



Adult Female. — Top of head and nape, brownish black. A 

 more or less distinct patch on lores, and another behind the ears, 

 white. Rest of head and neck ashy brown. Upper parts, dusky 

 brown, with some feathers having paler tips; under parts, gray- 

 ish brown, nearly white on the abdomen; some of the flank feath- 

 ers tipped with white or whitish brown, anal region and under 

 tail coverts, dusky. Wing like the upper parts, no white. Bill, 

 black, with a greenish tinge. Iris, dark. Feet and legs, brown- 

 ish yellow; webs, black. Total length, about 19 inches; wing, 9; 

 culmen, i^; tarsus, i^. 



Young Male. — Resembles very closely the female, but the 

 white spots on lores and sides of head are clearer, and there are 

 traces, or beginnings, of the large white patch on the nape. Bill 

 is slightly tumid at base, with pinkish tinge on sides anteriorly. 



