RUDDY DUCK. 241 



as in the male by the tips of the feathers. A yellowish wash on 

 upper part of breast. Sides and flanks, barred with brown. Wings 

 and scapulars, dark brown, the latter speckled with paler brown. 

 Tail, dark brown; in some individuals the feathers are broadly 

 margined with pale olive or grayish brown. Under tail coverts, 

 white. Bill, blue. Legs and feet, bluish gray; webs, dark. 

 Total length, 15^ inches; wing, 5^; culmen, i-^; tarsus, i-J-. 



Young Male. — Only differs from the adult female in having 

 the sides of the face more or less white, sometimes entirely so, 

 and sometimes the white is spotted with brown and black. 



Young. — Has top of the head like that of the female; sides of 

 the head, dark brown, with a white stripe from base of bill, 

 where it is broadest, to the nape, passing below the eye. Chin 

 and throat, whitish. Neck, brownish white, many downy 

 feathers protruding among the full grown. Back and scapulars, 

 blackish brown, barred with reddish buff. Middle of the back 

 and rump, reddish brown. Upper tail coverts, blackish brown, 

 barred with reddish, like the scapulars. Sides and flanks, with 

 the tips of the feathers, yellowish; other parts, dusky. Under 

 parts, silvery gray, passing into dusky, on the crissum. Under 

 tail coverts, white. Maxilla, dusky; mandible, yellow. 



Downy Young. — Head and upper parts, smoky brown, darkest 

 on head; a brownish white stripe from bill to occiput below 

 the eye, bordered beneath by one of dusky brown. Breast, sooty 

 brown; under parts, grayish white. 



