MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
N. Bill slender, weak, mostly longer than head.—O, OO. 
O. Toes with webbed margins or lobed flaps.—Family 
24, Phalaropodidx, Phalaropes, page 165. ; 
OO. Toes without marginal webs or lobes.—Family 
26, Scolopacide, Snipe, etc., page 171. 
NN. Bill stout, spike-like, about as long as head.—Turnstone 
and Red Phalarope, pages 217 and 165. 
MM. Tarsus reticulate (Fig. 56).—P, PP. 
P. Bill long, very slender, more or less upcurved.—Family 
25, Recurvirostride, Stilt, page 170. 
PP. Bill short, stout, straight—Family 27, Charadriida, 
Plover, page 208. 
GG. Tibia feathered down to heel joint (‘‘knee”).—Q. QQ. 
Q. Upper mandible with a cere, or with a soft swollen 
membrane (Fig. 64) at base-—R, RR. aS 
R. Bill strongly hooked.—S, SS. xe : 
S. Plumage bright green or green and yellow.— Fig. 64. Bill of 
Mourning Dove. 
Family 42, Psittacide, Paroquet. (Appendix.) 
SS. Plumage not green nor green and yellow.—Order XII, Raptores, 
Birds of Prey, page 254. 
RR. Bill not hooked.—Order XI, Columb, Doves and Pigeons, page 238. 
QQ. Upper mandible without a cere, or soft swollen membrane at base. 
’ 
T. Only two toes in front.—U, UU. 
U. Tail long, of soft feathers.—Family 43, Cuculide, Cuckoos, page 337. 
UU. Tail medium, of stiff, pointed feathers.—Order XV, Pici, Wood- 
peckers, page 345. 
TT. Three toes in front.—V, VV. 
V. Nail of middle toe pectinate (with a comb on inner edge).—Family 
47, Caprimulgide, Goatsuckers, page 373. 
VV. Nail of middle toe not pectinate—W, WW. 
W. Each tail feather tipped with a spine—Family 48, Micropodide, 
Swifts, page 381. 
WW. Tail feathers not spine-tipped.—X, XX. 
X. Very small birds, less than 4 inches long.—F amily 49, Trochil- 
ide, Hummingbirds, page 387. 
XX. More than 4 inches long.—yY, YY. 
Y. Hind toe and claw not more than half as long as middle toe 
and claw.—Z, ZZ. 
Z. Bill much longer than head.—Woodcock (Family Scolo- 
pacide), page 172. 
ZZ. Bill shorter than head.—Order X, Galline, Grouse, Part- 
ridges, etc., page 220. 
YY. Hind toe and claw much more than half as long as middle 
toe and claw.—Order XVII, Passeres, Perching Birds, 
page 389. 
