PREFACE. v 
(1) Western Grebe (73) White-cheeked Goose 
(6) Black-throated Loon (7+) Cackling Goose 
(8) Puffin (S4) Louisiana Heron 
(9) Ancient Murrelet (87) Yellow Crowned Night Heron 
(10) Black Guillemot (89) Little Brown Crane 
(11) Murre (112) Curlew Sandpiper 
(12) Razor-billed Auk (132) Belted Piping Plover 
(21) Laughing Gull (158) Gyrfaleon 
(25) Gull-billed Tern (175) Carolina Paroquet 
(31) Roseate Tern (182) American Three-toed Woodpecker 
(33) Sooty Tern (229) Smith’s Longspur 
(35) Anhinga (244) Oregon Junco 
(36) Common Cormorant (253) Varied Bunting; Nonpareil 
(60) Harlequin Duck (256) Summer Tanager 
(68) Greater Snow Goose (292) Yellow-throated Warbler. 
The reasons for excluding the above forms are given in detail in the 
Hypothetical List (Appendix 2), pages 736-757. 
In addition it should be noted that the bird formerly listed as Traill’s 
Flycatcher is now recognized as a distinct subspecies, the Alder Fly- 
catcher; the smaller Michigan Shrike is considered a new subspecies, the 
Migrant Shrike; while the Northern Parula Warbler instead of the typical 
Parula Warbler, is the form found here. 
The species in the present list of the birds of the state which were not 
included in Professor Cook’s list of 1893 are: 
(6) Brunnich’s Murre (165) Northern Hairy Woodpecker 
(9) Parasitic Jaeger (180) Say’s Pheebe 
(26) Gannet (189) Hoyt’s Horned Lark 
(29) Brown Pelican (199) Thick-billed Redwing 
ee ce eae Widgeon ae Salle oye oe (a 
67 "00 1s 210 oary Redpo 
(70) Cory’s Bittern (224) LeConte’s Sparrow 
(74) Little Blue Heron (227) Harris’ Sparrow 
(83) Purple Gallinule (288) Grinnell’s Waterthrush 
(123) Canada Ruffed Grouse (314) Carolina Chickadee 
The hypothetical list, forming Appendix 2 of the present volume, con- 
tains sixty-two additional species which at one time or another have been 
attributed to Michigan. but about which there is more or less doubt. 
Probably the larger part of them have never occurred in the state, and 
never will occur. Some of the others, however, doubtless will be found 
sooner or later, either as regular visitors in small numbers and to restricted 
areas, or possibly in larger numbers at long intervals. Almost any eastern 
American species may occur accidentally, and the same may be said of 
western forms which have a wide range in migration. Even European 
species may appear at long intervals, not simply such as have been im- 
ported purposely, and have escaped from captivity, but birds which nest 
in the far north of Europe or Asia, and have strayed to Greenland, Iceland 
or Alaska and been swept southward with the great tide of autumnal 
migrants. Interesting as such occurrences are to the student of geograph- 
ical distribution, the small number of individual birds concerned gives 
the matter little or no economic importance. ; 
In the preparation of the following pages published material has been 
drawn upon freely whenever it seemed advisable, but special effort has 
also been made to get new and unpublished information, and in all cases 
it has been the intention to give full credit for matter_so obtained. At 
