WATER BIRDS. 71 
AA. Bill short and broad (never less than 4 inch wide at narrowest place), 
edges of mandibles with strainer-like plates (Fig. 14) instead of saw- 
like teeth. ©, CC. 
C. Tail of narrow, stiff feathers, only. its 
very base hidden by the extremely 
short upper tail coverts. Ruddy 
Duck. No. 57. 
CC. Tail of ordinary type with broad soft 
feathers well covered at base by 
upper tail coverts. D, DD. 
D. Hind toe without a distinct flap or 
lobe (Fig. 15). River and Pond 
Ducks. E, EE. Fig.14. Bill of Mallard showing 
E. Small, wing less than 8} inches lamelle. (Original) 
(Teal). F, FF. 
F. Shoulder (lesser wing-coverts) light blue. Blue-winged Teal. 
No. 39. 
FF. Shoulder (lesser-wing coverts) gray. Green-winged Teal. 
No. 38. 
EE. Large, wing more than 84inches. G, GG. 
G. Feathers of hind head lengthened to 
form a drooping occipital crest, much 
longer in the male; tail long, all its 
feathers very broad. Wood Duck 
(male). No. 42. 
GG. No occipital crest. H, HH. 
H. Middle tail-feathers elongated and 
much narrowed at the tip. Pintail 
(male). No. 41. 
HH. Middle tail-feathers not noticeably 
lengthened or narrowed. I, II. 
I. Bill spatulate or spoon-shaped, nearly 
twice as broad near the tip as at 
base. Shoveller. No. 40. 
Il. Bill not spatulate, about as wide 
at base asattip. J, JJ. 
J. Wing conspicuously glossed with |.) 1, woot of Mallard 
metallic blue, green, purple or eHowisk Hind ton WE 
bronze, the tips of primaries me- 0U? fap. 
tallic blue-green on inner webs, milk-white on outer 
webs. Wood Duck (female andyoung male). No. 42. 
JJ. Wings without metallic gloss, or with metallic colors 
confined to the middle of wing (region of speculum). 
K, KK. 
K. Speculum metallic in whole or part. L, LL. 
L. Speculum bordered in front with a black bar. 
M, MM, MMM. 
M. A white bar in front of the black one. Mallard. 
No. 33. 
MM. A large white patch in front of the black bar. 
Baldpate. (Male and somefemales). No. 37. 
MMM. No white anywhere on wing. Black Duck. 
No. 34. 
LL. Speculum bordered in front by a chestnut bar. 
Pintail, (Female and young). No. 41. 
