72 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
KK. Speculum without metallic colors. N, NN. 
N. Speculum gray or greenish-gray with a narrow 
white bar (border) behind. Baldpate. (Fe- 
male). No. 37. 
NN. Speculum with anterior half velvet black, 
posterior half pure white. Gadwall. No. 35. 
DD.Hind toe with a distinct flap or 
lobe. (Fig. 21.) O, OO. 
O. Feathers extending forward 
along sides or top of bill 
until nearly or quite even 
with hind margin of nos- 
tril. P, PP. 
P. Wing more than 10 inches 
Fig. 21. Foot of Redhead, showing hind 
long. Q, QQ. = toe with flap. 
Q. A conspicuous white 
bar (speculum) on wing.—White-winged Scoter. No. 55. 
QQ. No white wing-bar. R, RR. 
R. Feathering on sides of bill extending forward 
nearly or quite even with hind border of nostril. 
Eider. No. 52. 
RR. Feathering on sides of bill not extending for- 
ward nearly as far as hind border of nostril. 
King Eider. No. 53. 
PP. Wing less than 10 inches. 5, SS. 
S. Bird mainly black or brownish black, large, wing more 
than 9 inches. Surf Scoter. No. 56. 
SS. Bird largely white, medium size, wing less than 9 
inches. Old Squaw. No. 51. 
OO. Feathers at sides or top of bill not reaching nearly to nostril. 
ltd a be 
T. Wing under 7 inches. a, aa. 
a. With a conspicuous white wing-bar. Butter-ball; 
Bufflehead. No. 50. 
aa. With no white in the wing. Ruddy Duck. No. 57. 
TT. Wing over 7 inches. U, UU, UUU. 
U. Speculum wanting (i. e. black or brown like rest of 
wing). b, bb. 
b. Entire plumage black (male) or grayish brown 
(female) without any white on head or wings. 
Black Scoter. No. 54. 
bb. Plumage largely white, the head and neck 
always with white patches. Old Squaw. 
No. 51. ‘ 
UU. Speculum gray or bluish gray. V, VV. 
V. Wing 8 inches orless. Ring-necked Duck. No.47. 
VV. Wing 84 inches or more. , cc. 
c. Head and neck reddish brown. W, WW. 
W. Forehead and chin blackish. Canvas- 
back (male). No. 44. 
WW. Forehead and chin red like the rest of 
head. Redhead (male). No. 43. 
. ec. Head and neck without any reddish brown. 
X, XX. 
