80 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
light scarlet to deep orange, the dark feathers of the pileum and nape 
conspicuously margined with gray or fulvous and the throat (as well as 
sometimes the chin, also) profusely spotted or streaked with blackish. 
All the dark markings on the checks, throat and neck are broader, blacker 
and more sharply defined [than in the southern form] and they often take 
the form of coarse, rounded spots which are seldom if ever present on the 
head or neck of the smaller bird. In typical examples [of the smaller 
form] the bill is greenish black, dusky olive, or olive green, the legs are 
olivaceous brown with, at most, only a tinge of reddish, the pileum and 
nape are nearly or quite uniformly dark, the throat and chin immaculate, 
the markings on the neck and sides of the head fine, linear, and dusky 
rather than blackish.” (Auk, Vol. 19, 1902, pp. 184, 185). 
35. Gadwall. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn.). (135) 
Synonyms: Gray Duck, Gray Widgeon.—Anas strepera, Linn., 1758.—Chaulelasmus 
streperus of most authors. 
Figure 16 
The male is easily recognized by its chestnut middle wing-coverts and 
the white speculum bordered in front by black. The female has the same 
speculum, but usually no chestnut on the wings and can hardly be identi- 
fied by the novice. 
Distribution.—Nearly cosmopolitan. In North America breeds chiefly 
within the United States. 
This seems to be one of the rarer ducks in Michigan; it has been taken 
here and there throughout the state, but is nowhere common. In southern 
Michigan Purdy has 
taken one at Plym- 
outh; Swales reports an 
adult female killed on 
Monroe Marshes Octo- 
ber 26, 1906, and a 
young male and female 
at the same _ place 
about November 13; 
Warren records it as 
rare at Albion and oc- 
easional at St. Joseph. 
Most of the older lists 
have it, but it is omit- 4 
ted by Cabot (1850). 
I have no record for - 
it for Ingham or the 
adjoining counties and 
it must be rare here. SSS GS 
ie 
UNAS 
We have no record of Fig. 16. Gadwall. 
its nesting in the state From Baird, Brewer Pee ea ee ede of North America. 
yet there is no reason ; 
why it should not do so occasionally, and it probably does. Mr. A. C. Bent 
(Auk, XVIII, 334-35) says that in North Dakota, where the species is 
fairly abundant, it nests always on dry ground, but not far from the water. 
