WATER BIRDS. 119 
forming a conspicuous cross-bar; under parts light brownish-gra: , becoming light 
the belly and pure white on the under Gaileeouette: wings, tail, bal, legs and feel ela 
black; iris brown. Sexes alike. Young: Very similar to the adults, but the black less 
pure and the white of cheeks and throat more or less mixed with dark feathers. 
Length 35 to 43 inches; wing, 15.60 to 21; culmen 1.55 to 2.70; tarsus 2.45 to 3.70. 
62. Hutchins’ Goose. Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Rich.). (172a) 
Synonyms: Goose-brant, Little Canada Goose, Little Wild Goose, Small Gray Goose. 
——Anser hutchinsii, Rich., 1831—Bernicla hutchinsi, Woodh., 1853, Baird, 1858. 
Precisely like the Canada Goose in everything but size, the present 
species being from 25 to 34 inches long, the wing 16 inches or less, and the 
weight often not more than 3 or 4 pounds, and rarely exceeding 6 pounds, 
while the Canada Goose averages 8 or 9 pounds and often reaches 12 or 
even more. 
Distribution.—North America, breeding in the Arctic regions, and 
migrating south in winter chiefly through the western United States and 
the Mississippi Valley; northeastern Asia. 
The claim of this bird to a place in the Michigan fauna appears to rest 
mainly on the statement of the late W. H. Collins, who in a letter to Dr. 
Gibbs stated that he “had it, taken at St. Clair Flats.” It was also reported 
from Michigan by Stockwell (Forest & Stream, VIII, 23, 380). It is a 
fair presumption that the species does occur here occasionally, since it has 
been taken in practically all the surrounding territory. Sportsmen who 
have the opportunity to examine freshly killed Canada Geese would confer 
a favor if they would weigh and measure any unusually small specimens 
and send the notes to us with the address if possible of the owner of the 
specimens. 
The specimen noted by Prof. Cook (Birds of Michigan, 2d ed. 1893, p. 
47) as in Moseley’s list of Michigan birds in the Kent Scientific Institute 
at Grand Rapids, proves to have no locality on the label, and may or may 
not have been taken in the state; it is, however, only a small specimen of 
canadensis, not hutchinst. 
Hutchins’ Goose nests much farther north than the Canada Goose, along 
the lower Mackenzie Valley and on the shores and islands of the Arctic 
Ocean. Its nest resembles that of the Canada Goose, and is usually placed 
on the ground, although sometimes the old nest of a Fish Hawk, or some 
other large bird, in a tree, is used. The eggs are commonly four to six, 
white or buffy white, and average 3.18 by 2.10 inches. 
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION. 
In color and proportions of parts precisely like the Canada Goose, but averaging decidedly 
smaller. 
Length 25 to 34 inches; wing 14.75 to 17.75; culmen 1.20 to 1.90; tarsus 2.25 to 3.20. 
63. Brant. Branta bernicla glaucogastra Brehm. (173a) 
Synonyms: Common Brant, Black Brant, Eastern Brant, Brant-goose, White-bellied 
Biait_Bamila glaucogaster Brehm., 1831.—Branta bernicla, Bann., 1870.—Anser 
bernicla, Nutt., Aud.—Bernicla brenta, Steph., 1824, Bd., Ridgw., Coues. 
Distinguished from any other goose by the entirely black head and neck 
with merely a small patch of white streaks or flecks on each side of the 
upper neck, 
