220 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
LIFE HISTORIES OF MICHIGAN BIRDS.—PART 2. LAND BIRDS. 
Order X. GALLINA. Fowl-like Birds. 
KEY TO FAMILIES. 
A. Tarsus (shank) unfeathered. B, BB. 
B. Head naked or merely bristly; forehead with a median fleshy horn 
or “finger.” Family 33. Meleagride. Turkeys. 
BB. Head mostly feathered, without fleshy horn or finger. OC, CC. 
C. Large birds; wing 8 inches or more; tarsus (shank) of male 
always with a spur.—Family Phasianide. Old World 
Pheasants. 
CC. Small birds; wing less than 6 inches; tarsus of male without 
spur. Family 31. Odontophoride. Quail or Bobwhite. 
AA. Tarsus feathered at least half way from ‘‘knee” to foot (Fig. 61). 
Family 32. Tetraonide. Grouse, Ptarmigan, etc. 
Fig. 61. Ruffed Grouse. 
Family 31. ODONTOPHORID. Quail or Bobwhite. 
Only a single species, the common Quail or Bob-white, is native to Mich- 
igan. Several other quails, from the Pacific states and the southwest, are 
found occasionally in captivity in a half-domesticated state. Those most 
often seen thus are the California Quail and Gambel’s Quail, conspicuous 
for the beautiful crest of recurved feathers. 
120. Quail. Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linn.). (289) 
Synonyms: Bob-white, Virginia Partridge.—Tetrao virginianus, Linn., 1758.—Perdix 
virginiana, Lath., Wils., Aud., and others.—Ortyx virginiana, Jard., and many recent 
authors. 
Figure 60. 
So well known as hardly to need description, but the small size, white 
throat, and mottled brown, black and white plumage will readily separate 
it from the only birds with which it could be confounded. 
