258 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
EE. With but one distinct notch, separating the hooked tip 
of the mandible from a single sharp, tooth-like pro- 
jection just behind it. F, FF. 
F. Five outer primaries emarginate near tip. Sharp-shinned 
Hawk. No. 135. 
FF. Only one or two primaries emarginate. G, GG. 
G. Wing over 10 inches. Duck Hawk. No. 145. 
Possibly also the Gyrfalcon (Appendix). 
GG. Wing less than 10 inches. H, HH. 
H. Back and tail bright rust-red, usually with 
regular cross bars of black. Sparrow Hawk. 
No. 147. 
HH. Back and tail without any rust-red, usually 
slaty-blue or brownish black, the tail with a 
few (four or five) white cross-bars. Pigeon 
Hawk. No. 146. Possibly also Richardson’s 
Falcon (Appendix). 
DD. Cutting edge of upper mandible not toothed and notched (Fig. 
72). I, I. 
I. Small hawks, wing less than 12 inches. J, JJ. 
J. With only two outer primaries emarginate near tip. 
White-tailed Kite. No. 132. 
JJ. With more than two primaries emarginate. K, Kk, 
KKK. 
K. With three emarginate primaries. Broad-winged 
Hawk. No. 141. 
KK. With four emarginate primaries 
(Fig. 73). Red-shouldered 
Hawk (small males). No. 139. 
KKK. With five emarginate primaries. 
L, LL. 
L. Tail nearly square at end, that is, 
tail-feathers all of about the 
same length. Sharp-shinned 
Hawk. No. 135. t 
LL. Tail rounded at end, that is, PX 
middle feathers longest and fW¥ 
each successive pair shorter, 
the outermost being the short- f 
est. Coopers Hawk. No. 136. 
Tl, Lae len wing 12 inches or more. M, ff 
M. Tarsus feathered to base of toes. Rough- 
legged Hawk. No. 142. 
MM. Tarsus feathered only part way down. 
N, NN. 
N. Tail deeply forked. Swallow-tailed 
Kite. No. 131. 
NN. Tail not forked. O, OO. 
O. Upper tail-coverts pure white. Marsh Hawk. 
No, 134, 
