LAND BIRDS. 345 
Order XV. PICI. Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. 
(Only the Woodpeckers are found in America.) 
Family 46. PICIDAl. Woodpeckers. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 
A. Very large, wing more than 84 inches. Log-Cock. No. 169. 
AA. Smaller, wing less than 7 inches. B, B. 
B. Back and rump shiny black, without any white markings; the top 
of head with or without a golden yellow patch; only three toes, 
Hie in front. Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. No. 
167. 
BB. Back or rump always with white; head often with red, but never 
ee ; toes four, two in front and two behind (Fig. 90). 
C. Shafts of wing-feathers golden yellow; breast and sides with 
numerous clean cut, round, black spots. Flicker. No. 172. 
CC. Shafts of wing-feathers not yellow, no round black spots on 
breast or sides. D, DD. 
D. Middle pair of tail-feathers largely white on inner webs. 
E, EE. 
E. A large black patch on chest. Sapsucker. No. 168. 
EE. No black on chest. Red-bellied Woodpecker. No. 
171. 
DD. Middle pair of tail-feathers wholly black. F, FF. 
F. Entire head, neck and chest red. Red-headed Wood- 
pecker (adult). No. 170. 
FF. Red only on the nape, if at all. G, GG. 
G. Under parts all white. H, HH. 
H. Wing 44 inches or more; outer tail-feathers 
white, without cross bars. Hairy 
Woodpecker and Northern Hairy Wood- 
pecker. Nos. 164, 165. 
HH. Wing less than 43 inches; outer tail- 
feathers white, barred with black. 
Downy Woodpecker. No. 166. 
GG. Throat, chest and sides gray, more or less 
streaked or mottled with blackish; some- 
times a few scattered red feathers about 
head and neck. Red-headed Woodpecker 
(young). No. 170. 
164. Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus villosus (Linn.). (393) 
Synonyms: Guinea Woodpecker, Sapsucker or Big Sapsucker (incorrect).—Picus 
villosus, Linn., 1766, and authors generally. 
The pure white under parts, black back with median white stripe, and 
checkered black and white wings are distinctive of this and the Downy 
