390 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
CC. Tips of folded wings not reaching to tips of 
middle tail-feathers. EE, EE. 
E. Head crested (Fig. 129), tail tipped with 
bright yellow. Family 59. Bombycillide. 
Waxwings. 
EE. Crested or not, the tail-not tipped with 
bright yellow. F, FF, FFF. 
F. First primary much morethan half as long 
asthelongest. (Fig. 108.) G,GG. % 
G. Tertiaries in folded wing reaching ¥ 
nearly to tips of primaries. Fig. 123. 
Meadowlark and Pipit. Families 
55 and 64. 
GG. Tertiaries not reaching 
nearly to tips of pri- 
maries. H, HH. 
H. Claw of hind toe 
little curved, at 
least twice as long as 
claw of middle toe (Fig. 
97). I, Il. 
I. Chin and throat yellow 
or yellowish; a feather 
horn on each side 
of crown (Fig. 96). 
Family 52. Alaudide. Horned Larks. 
II. Chin and throat without trace of yellow; no 
feather-horns. Longspurs and Snow Bunt- 
ings. Family 56. Fringillide. 
HH. Claw of hind toe much curved, less than twice 
the length of the middle claw (Fig. 102). 
J, JJ. 
J. Cutting edge of upper mandible with a low 
tooth-like lobe or projection about midway 
Fig. 147. 
Fig. 97. 
ye (Fig. 122); plumage mainly red and black 
— or black and olive. Scarlet Tanager. Fam- 
a ily 57. Tangaride. 
; JJ. Cutting edge of upper mandible without 
Hig. 122, tooth-like lobe. K, KK. 
K. Bill conical, short, its height at base 
= one half or more of the length of culmen 
ais ; (Fig 120). L, LL. 
Fig. 120. L. First or second primary longest; 
nostrils not covered by bristles; 
outer tail-feathers shorter than 
middle ones. Cowbird and Bob- 
olink. Family 55. Icteride. 
LL. First and second primary not 
longest, or if so, the nostrils 
hidden by bristles, or the tail 
more or less forked, or both. 
Family 56. Fringillide. Spar- 
rows, Finches, Grosbeaks, etc. 
