584 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
and rich moist woodlands, where it appears to have essentially the same 
habits as its near relative the Golden-winged Warbler. Trombley records 
a single specimen seen at Petersburg May 10, 1897, and Dr. Gibbs states 
that A. E. Chambers of Kalamazoo secured a specimen there May 5, 1879. 
There are two records for Wayne county, a pair seen by J. Claire Wood, 
May 29, 1902, and a male taken by the same collector, in Ecorse township, 
May 9, 1906. Mrs. Robt. Campbell also reports seeing one at Jackson 
May 18, 1906. Mr. 8. E. White furnishes the northernmost record, as 
follows: ‘On Sunday July 1, 1889 [on Mackinac Island] I saw a fine male 
of this species in an evergreen tree. He permitted the closest scrutiny, 
sometimes approaching within a few feet of my head in a search for food. 
I could not find him again the next day” (Birds of Mackinac Island, Auk, 
X, 1893, 227). There are also two records for Ann Arbor, Washtenaw 
county, one a female taken May 1, 1896, and now in the University collec- 
tion, the other a male in Mr. Norman A. Wood’s collection, taken May 6, 
1904. The Blue-winged Warbler occurs in Stockwell’s Forest and Stream 
list (Vol. VIII, p. 261) where it is stated that it is a “frequent visitor in 
southern Michigan and has been seen as far north as Genesee county,” a 
statement which hardly seems warranted by the facts. 
The nest is placed on the ground and is similar to that of the Golden- 
winged Warbler. The eggs are three to five, white, finely dotted with 
brown, and average .60 by .48 inches. 3 
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION. 
Adult male: Entire under parts from chin to vent rich golden yellow; under tail- 
coverts white; forehead and crown yellow like the breast, but often somewhat obscured 
by olive tips; remainder of the head, back and rump, rich olive-green; wings and tail 
slate-gray margined with bluish-ash, the outer tail-feathers (three pairs) with large white 
spots on the inner webs; two white or yellowish-white wing bars of variable width; lores 
and line behind the eye black or blackish. Female similar, but somewhat duller, the 
wing-bars and black markings of the head less conspicuous. 
Length 4 to 5 inches; wing 2.40 to 2.50; tail about 2. 
White-throated Warbler. Vermivora leucobronchialis (Brewst.). 
Synonyms: Brewster’s Warbler.—Helminthophaga leucobrochialis, Brewster, 1874, 
and others.—Helminthophila leucobronchialis, Palmer, 1885, A. O. U. Check-list, 1886. 
—Helminthophaga gunnii, Gibbs. 
Similar to the Blue-winged Warbler, the throat silky white and breast more or less 
tinged with yellow; wing-bars often bright yellow. Distribution probably identical 
with that of the Blue-winged Warbler, of which this probably should be considered only 
a variant. 
Apparently there are but two records of this bird for the state, one taken by W. A. 
Gunn, May 25, 1879, near Grand Rapids, but in Ottawa county (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 
IV, 1879, 125), and the other taken by N. A. Wood, at Ann Arbor, May 18, 1902 (Auk, 
XIX, 1902, 401). 
This is a doubtful form which has been the occasion of much speculation for the last 
twenty years. For a time it was believed to be a hybrid between the Blue-winged and 
Golden-winged Warblers, but the latest verdict seems to be as given by Dr. Bishop (Auk, 
XX, 1905, 24). “The conclusion seems to me to be irresistable that H. leucobronchialis 
is merely a leucochroic phase of H. pinus, which from its appearing frequently only 
within a very limited area, may in time become a species.” 
ery ema habits and song this species does not differ noticeably from the Blue-winged 
arbler. 
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION. 
“Adult male: Forehead, and fore part of the crown yellow, a black line from the bill 
through the eye; rest of the upper parts bluish gray; wing-bars broadly yellow: tail like 
the lack, three to four outer feathers marked with white; under parts pure white, faintly 
