LAND BIRDS. 605 
Distribution.—Eastern North America, west to the base of the Rocky 
Mountains, and casually to British Columbia, breeding from northern 
New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan, to Hudson 
Bay Territory and southward in the Alleghanies to Pennsylvania. In 
winter, Bahamas, Cuba, and south through castern Mexico to Panama. 
This exquisite little bird comes to us from the south about the first 
week in May and passes slowly northward, some lingering in middle Mich- 
igan until the very last of the month. We 
have no record of its arrival in the state 
before the first of May and it rarely appears 
as early as the second or third of the month. 
The average time of arrival at Ann Arbor 
for twenty-five years is given by N. A. Wood 
as May 9, and it reaches Lansing a few days 
later, and the northern counties of the state 
between the 20th and 30th of the month. 
Fi ‘ ee Fig. 136. Magnolia Warbler. From 
Returning in autumn it is most abundant Hoffmann’s Guide. Houghton, 
about the middle of September, but numbers PUNE 12 
begin to move southward late in August and some linger, even in the 
middle counties, until about the first of October. We have records of its 
striking Michigan lighthouses on thirty-two different dates, and it has fig- 
ured regularly in the reports from Spectacle Reef Light, Lake Huron. 
By far the greater number of these dates fall in the last half of Sep- 
tember, the latest being October 2, 1893. 
The Magnolia or Black and Yellow Warbler is always an abundant 
migrant, and is a somewhat scarce summer resident over the northern 
half of the state. Apparently very few nests have been found, yet the 
birds have been noted here and there by a dozen different observers during 
the nesting season, and several observers speak of it as nesting regularly 
and abundantly in their vicinity. This is the report of O. B. Warren 
in Marquette county, and Ed Van Winkle in Delta county, while the 
writer found it fairly common about Little Traverse Bay during the summer 
of 1904, and also on the Beaver Islands the same season. Mr. 8. E. White 
found it a characteristic summer bird of Mackinac Island, and Dr. Wolcott 
found it in summer at Charlevoix, where it doubtless breeds. It probably 
is most abundant along the Lake Superior shore, from Marquette to the 
Sault, and the writer found it in the summer of 1903, at Marquette, Munis- 
ing, Grand Marais, and near Sault Ste. Marie. In July 1906 Mr. E. A. 
Doolittle found several nests of young on Grand Island, Munising Harbor. 
We have no nesting records for the southern half of the state, and if it 
ever spends the summer south of the Saginaw-Grand Valley it must be 
rarely. About the head waters of the Manistee, Muskegon and Au Sable 
rivers, in Roscommon, Crawford, Oscoda and Otsego counties, the bird 
has been observed frequently in summer and must nest regularly, but 
apparently not in large numbers. 
The nest is placed usually in an evergreen bush or tree at no great height 
from the ground, in most cases less than ten feet, but occasionally some- 
what higher, and more rarely still on a horizontal branch at a considerable 
height. Nests are frequently found only two or three feet from the ground 
in spruces and hemlocks and usually well hidden in the thick foliage. 
The nest is built of grasses, twigs, and various plant fibres and strips of 
bark, and is usually lined with fine roots which are almost always black. 
