622 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
than we now know of, very possibly extending into northern Wisconsin 
and Minnesota, as well as over much of the area between Lake Superior 
and Hudson Bay, and possibly stretching eastward toward Labrador 
and westward to or into Manitoba. 
During migration the bird is known to frequent low growths, but has 
not been noticed to spend much time upon the ground, or to show any 
marked fondness for evergreens. On its nesting grounds it frequents 
regions characterized by the presence of jack-pines, larger Norway pines, 
and, where these have been cut off, ‘‘more or less thick growths of small 
jack-pines, yellow oak and poplar.” The ground is covered with a mat of 
wintergreen (Gautheria), sweetfern and trailing arbutus. Burnt stubs 
give evidence of forest fires and there is a variety of small shrubs and 
young trees which varies with the locality. In this region Kirtland’s 
Warbler may be found anywhere, the males perched on the branches or 
tops of low trees, rendering their clear loud song at frequent intervals, 
while the nest is placed on the ground and completely hidden among 
the vines and herbage. Mr. Wood describes the nest as about two inches 
in diameter inside, and the same in depth, very neat and compact, and 
composed of strips of soft bark and vegetable fibre, thickly lined with fine 
dead grass, pine needles and a few horse hairs. The single egg, taken from 
a nest in which were two young birds about ten days old, is described as 
‘“‘a delicate pinkish white (since the contents are removed it has faded to 
dull white), thinly sprinkled with several shades of brown spots, forming 
a sort of wreath at the larger end.’ This egg is .72 by .56 inches. 
In the Oologist, Vol. 21, 1904, No. 10, Mr. E. Arnold describes two nests 
and eggs, taken in Oscoda county, Michigan in 1904, as follows: ‘On 
June 15th I took a male and female and beautiful nest and four fresh eggs. 
These, so far as I know, are the first full sets of this bird known to science. 
The nests were on the ground, in dead vegetation of deer-vines, winter- 
green and various vines. The female is a very close sitter and the nests 
very hard to find. Dendroica kirtlandi is confined during the breeding 
season to the jack-pine plains. The nest is sunk in the ground and always 
well concealed by surrounding vines and vegetation. The female on the 
eggs allowed me to stand within six inches of the nest and to almost touch 
her; I could have put my hat over her on the nest. The male is a beautiful 
singer and very noticeable.” 
Prof. Lynds Jones, who studied two migrant itor Warblers near 
Oberlin, Ohio on May 7 and 9, 1900 says: ‘‘The song was loud and clear, 
given with all the vigor of a wren or kinglet, and the body being straightened 
to almost a perpendicular direction and beak pointed straight up. * * * 
The song is a doubly phrased one, the first part slightly longer and a little 
less rapidly uttered. I have written it thus; ter ter ter tee; tswee te chu.” 
(Wilson Bulletin, No. 32, July 1900). 
Mr. Wood, in his description of the bird’s habits on its nesting ground, 
speaks of its song as “loud, clear, joyous and full of sweet melody. This 
song may be described as follows: .‘weche chee-chee-chee-r-r-r.’ The 
r-sound is quite prolonged and loud. The first two notes are low, then the 
notes gradually increase in volume to the end. I heard this song repeated 
at intervals of about thirty seconds and from different directions. * * 
Tinally I saw the singer flit from a bush to a yellow oak scrub and light 
but three feet above the ground. As I watched him he sat quite erect, 
threw forward his head and the wonderful song rang out. This song was 
remarkable because of its volume and rich melody.” Another male which 
