638 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE, 
notes, the penultimate note strongly accented, the last pitched on a lower 
key. The last two notes together are equal in time to one of the first 
three.’ Kumlien and Hollister (Birds of Wisconsin, p. 118) are of the 
opinion that “this species never breeds in Wisconsin, although the other 
[the Connecticut Warbler] does, quite the opposite of the case as usually 
given.” This is contrary to the facts so far as observed in Michigan, 
where the Mourning Warbler is a common breeder in many localities, 
and the Connecticut a comparatively rare one. 
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION. 
Adult male: Head, neck and chest ash-gray, more or less mixed with black on the 
breast, where it often becomes pure black; upper parts, including wings and tail, olive- 
green; lower breast and belly rich bright yellow, shaded with green’on sides; no white eye- 
ring, and no light wing or tail markings. Female similar, but grayer on the head and 
breast, whiter on throat. : 
Length 4.90 to 5.75 inches; wing of male 2.30 to 2.55; tail 2 to 2.25. 
293. Maryland Yellowthroat. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linn.). (681) 
Synonyms: Northern Maryland Yellowthroat, Northern Yellowthroat, Western 
Yellowthroat, Common Yellowthroat, Yellowthroat.—Turdus trichas, Linn., 1766.— 
Sylvia trichas, Vieill., 1807—Geothlypis trichas, Baird, and most recent writers.—Sylvia 
marilandica, Wils., 1808.—Trichas marylandica, Nutt., 1840.—Trichas marilandica, 
Bonap., 1838, Aud., 1839 (part).—Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, W. Palmer, 1900. 
Plate LXII. 
The bright yellow throat and breast and black mask or ‘domino,’ 
bordered behind by white or ashy white, are characteristic. The olive 
back, wings and tail, without spots, and the yellow under tail-coverts 
will make assurance doubly sure. 
Distribution.—Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition 
and Upper Austral Zones from North Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern 
Ontario and southern Labrador south to central Texas, northern parts of 
the Gulf States, and Virginia; winters from North Carolina and Louisiana 
to Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Guatemala and Costa Rica (A. 
O. U. Check-list, 1910). 
Our common Yellow-throat is widely distributed over the state, and 
in most places fairly abundant as a summer resident. It nests commonly 
in Monroe, Wayne and St. Clair counties in the southeastern part of the 
state, was found during the nesting season on Neebish Island, St. Mary’s 
River by Major Boies, was not uncommon in Ontonagon county during 
July and August, as recorded by the University of Michigan expedition 
in 1904, and it has been found in practically all the intervening territory 
wherever conditions are favorable. It is partial to wet ground, but it 
is not necessary that this should be of great extent. While it is found 
on the borders of the large marshes, and particularly on little islands 
in marshes and swamps, it is frequently met with near springs and 
brooklets on hillsides, and often in ‘cat-holes” in open fields, wherever 
a little water has made the ground too soft for cultivation. It is almost 
confined to the low growths next to the ground, being rarely seen amid 
the branches of trees, even during migration. 
The Yellow-throat arrives from the south at about the same time as 
the majority of the warblers, the average date at Ann Arbor being given 
