700 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
it certainly occurs in similar latitudes in Ontario, Maine and New Brunswick, 
‘but the fact that numerous good observers have failed to find it at all 
in such situations or elsewhere in Michigan seems to prove conclusively 
that it is not generally distributed. The writer has spent some time in 
two different years in the Upper Peninsula, near Marquette, about Munising, 
at Grand Marais, Alger county, at Sault Ste. Marie and in Mackinac 
county, but in spite of careful search for the bird was unable to find a 
single specimen. These visits, however, were both in late summer. Mr. 
T. L. Hankinson, who spent several weeks in Houghton county in August 
1905 says: ‘I looked constantly for the Hudsonian Chickadee, but did 
not find any, although I was near enough to a good many Chickadees 
to see the color of the crown, which in all cases was black.’”’ This species 
is not mentioned in the manuscript report of Mr. E. A. Doolittle, who 
spent several weeks on Grand Island, Lake Superior, in the summer of 
1906. 
Mr. Outram Bangs, writing of this bird at Digby, Nova Scotia says: 
‘Here the Hudsonian Chickadee is rather hard to shoot * * * keep- 
ing almost exclusively in the thick second growth spruce and fir woods, 
but in a day’s walk through their favorite haunts I never failed to see less 
than 25 or 50, and often many times that number. In October and Novem- 
ber they are in large loose flocks in company with the Common Chickadee 
and the Golden-crowned Kinglet, and often the spruce woods seem fairly 
alive with these birds, always in motion, always passing on and on through 
the spruces so fast that it is impossible to keep up with them. Often 
while walking through these dense forests of evergreens, suddenly as if by 
magic the trees about one become alive with these three species, their cheer- 
ful notes sounding from every branch, and the next moment as suddenly as 
they came, they will disappear again and leave the forest still and gloomy 
as before. * * * In August and September 1880 my brother, E. H. 
Bangs, was camped on the Restigouche River, N. B., and found the 
Hudsonian Chickadee quite abundant all along the river. He got a good 
series of them without difficulty.” 
Dr. C. W. Townsend, who studied this species somewhat carefully on 
Cape Breton Island in August and September, 1905, speaks as follows of 
the song: “It is as easy to distinguish this bird by its notes from the 
familiar Black-capped Chickadee, as by its plumage. * * * Both 
chickadees have a variety of faint notes that are very much alike, but 
there is one characteristic in most of the notes of the Hudsonian which 
at once distinguishes it from the Black-cap, and that is the z quality, de- 
livered in a lower pitch. In a word, the Hudsonian uses z while the Black- 
cap uses s or d. The former says pst zee-zee or less often pst zee-zee-zee, 
while the latter repeats more frequently, and rattles off, psik, a dee-dee- 
dee-dee-dee, and his notes are higher pitched. Several times in different 
places I was treated to a pleasant little warble from the Hudsonian 
Chickadee, which appeared to my companion and myself to easily merit 
the name of song. It was a low, bubbling, warbling song, which I vainly 
tried to describe in my notes. It began with a psét or tsee, followed by 
a sweet but short warble * * * quite different from the irregular 
rolling notes that the Black-cap occasionally emits” (Auk, XXIII, 1906, 
178). 
The nesting habits of this bird appear to be quite similar to those of 
the Black-capped Chickadee, the nest being placed in a deserted wood- 
pecker hole, or a hollow dug out of the decayed wood by the bird itself, 
