GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 779 
Faleate, Falciform. Shaped like a sickle or scythe. 
Fauna. The sum total of the animal life of a country or region. 
Fawn-color. A light warm brown color (Ridgway). 
Filiform. Thread-like. 
Flanks. The hindmost feathers of the sides. 
Forehead, Front. The forepart of the top of the head, from the base 
of the bill to the crown. 
Fore-neck. Usually refers to the throat but sometimes includes the 
chin, throat and chest. 
Frontal. Pertaining to the forehead. 
Fulvous. Like tanned leather; tawny. 
Fuscous. Dark brown; smoky brown. 
Gape. The opening of the mouth. 
Glaucous. A whitish blue or whitish green color, like the ‘“bloom” 
of a cabbage-leaf. 
Gonys. The keel or outline of the lower mandible, from the tip to the 
point where the branches fork. 
Gray. A mixture of black and white. 
Greater Coverts. The hindmost series of wing-coverts, which im- 
mediately overlap the bases of the secondaries. 
Ground-color. The main color of the general surface. 
Gular. Pertaining to the throat. 
Hair Brown. A clear, somewhat grayish tint of brown, resembling 
the “brown” hair of human beings; the typical brown color, composed 
of equal proportions of red and green (Ridgway). 
Hazel. An orange-brown color, like the shell of a hazel-nut or filbert 
(Ridgway). 
Heel. The tibio-tarsal joint; often mis-called the knee. 
Hooded. Having the head conspicuously different in color from the 
rest of the plumage. 
Immaculate. Unspotted, unmarked. 
Immature. Not adult, though full grown. 
Incubation. Brooding; the act of sitting on eggs. 
Indigo Blue. A dark dull blue color, like indigo. 
Inner Toe. The toe on the inner side of the foot, usually directed for- 
wards. 
Interscapulars. The feathers in the middle line of the back, between 
the scapulars. 
Iridescent. With changeable colors or tints in different lights. 
Iris. The colored circle of the eye surrounding the black center or pupil. 
Jugulum. The lower throat or foreneck, immediately above the breast; 
the “chest” of some authors. 
Knee. Properly the tibio-femoral joint, entirely hidden by the body 
feathers in most birds. Often improperly used for the heel joint. 
Lamella. A thin plate or scale. 
Lamellate. With numerous lamelle or thin plates (leaves) as along 
the sides of a duck’s bill. (Fig. 14.) 
Lateral. Towards or at the side. 
Lead-color. See plumbeous. 
Leg. As generally used the same as tarsus or shank. 
Lesser wing-coverts. The smaller wing-coverts, those covering most 
of the shoulder, or area in front of the middle coverts. 
Linear. Line-like. 
