780 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 
Lining of the wing. The under wing-coverts taken collectively. 
Longitudinal. Running lengthwise of the body, or any part of it. 
Loral. Relating to the lores. ; 
Lores. The space between the eye and bill. (Fig. 36.) (Used only in 
the plural.) : 
Lower-parts, Under-parts. The entire under surface of a bird, from 
chin to vent. : 
Lower Tail-coverts. The feathers overlapping the base of the tail- 
feathers beneath. 
Malar Region. The side of the lower jaw behind the horny covering 
of the mandible, usually feathered(Ridgway). 
Mandible. The movable lower part of the bill; the lower jaw. 
Mantle. Usually includes simply the back, scapulars, and upper sur- 
face of wings. 
Marine. Relating to the sea. 
Maroon. A rich brownish crimson; claret color. 
Maxilla. The jaw; but properly the upper jaw only. 
Superior and inferior maxillary refer respectively to upper and lower jaw 
(Ridgway). 
Median, Medial. Along the middle line. 
Melanism. A color condition resulting from excess of black or dark 
pigment. 
Melanistic. Affected with melanism. 
Middle Toe. The middle one of the three front toes. 
Middle Wing-coverts. The coverts situated between the greater and 
lesser coverts. 
Mirror. A name sometimes used for the speculum or metallic wing-bar 
of ducks. 
Nape. That part of the hind-neck back of the occiput. 
Nidification. Nest-building, or nesting habits. 
Nuchal. Relating to the nucha or nape. 
Nuptial plumes. Ornamental feathers acquired at the approach of the 
breeding season, and molted at its close. 
Obscure. Indistinct, ill-defined. 
Occipital. Relating to the hind-head, or occiput. (Fig. 36.) 
Occiput. The back part of the head, directly in front of the nape. 
Olivaceous, Olive. A greenish brown color, like that of olives. 
Olive-green. A peculiar color, between olive and dull yellowish green 
(Ridgway). 
Oological. Pertaining to oology, or the study of eggs. 
Oology. The science of eggs. 
Opaque. Dull, or without gloss. 
Orbit. The region immediately around the eye. 
Orbital Ring. A ring or circle of color immediately surrounding the 
eye. It may or may not be feathered. 
Outer Web. That part of the vane or web of a feather which is farthest 
from the central line of the body. Usually it is narrower than the inner 
web. 
Ovate, Ovoid. Shaped like a typical egg, one end larger than the 
other. 
Pearl Gray. A very pale, delicate blue-gray color, like the mantle of 
certain gulls (Ridgway.) 
Pectinate, Pectinated. Having tooth-like projections like the teeth 
