782 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE, 
Setaceous. Bristly, bristled. 
Shaft. The mid-rib or horny axis of a feather, especially the solid part. 
Sides. The lateral areas of the lower surface of a bird’s body, extending 
from the axilla to, and including, the flanks. 
Sinuate. Applied to a feather whose edge is cut away less abruptly 
than when emarginate. 
Slate-color. A dark gray, or blackish gray color, less bluish in tint 
than plumbeous or lead-color (Ridgway). : 
Speculum. A-mirror-like, metallic, or brightly colored area on the wing 
of certain ducks. (Fig. 13, p. 78.) 
Spurious. Rudimentary. 
Spurious Primary. The first primary, when very small. Usually also 
misplaced, that is placed on the inner side of the wing, under the next 
primary. 
Streak. A narrow color-mark, running lengthwise of the bird or feather. 
Stripe. A broad color mark running lengthwise of bird or feather. 
Sub-caudal. Under the tail. 
Sub-orbital. Below the eye. 
Sub-species. Usually a geographical race, or form; perhaps an incipient 
species. 
Sulphur Yellow. A very pale pure yellow color, less orange in tint than 
dilute gamboge or lemon-yellow (Ridgway). 
Superciliary. Above the eye. A superciliary streak usually extends 
from the base of the upper mandible over the eye, and backward above 
the ear-coverts to the sides of the occiput. 
Superior. Upper; topmost or uppermost. 
Supraloral. Above the lores. 
Supra-orbital. Above the eye. 
Tail-coverts. The hindmost body feathers; those which cover the 
base of the tail, above and helow. 
Tarsus. The leg of a bird, from the toes to the heel joint; the shank. 
Tawny. The color of tanned leather. 
Terminal. At the end or tip. 
Tertials, tertiaries. The inner secondaries, especially when of different 
color, size, or shape, from the rest. 
Throat. The upper part of the foreneck, not including the chin. 
Tibia. The section of the leg next above the tarsus; the “drumstick” 
of a fowl. 
Tibial. Belonging to the tibia. 
Tomia. The cutting-edges of the mandibles. 
Transverse. Crosswise, or at right angles to the axis of the body or 
feather. 
Truncate. Cut squarely off. 
Under-parts. The entire lower surface of a bird, from chin to vent. 
(Same as lower-parts.) 
Under Tail-coverts. The feathers covering the base of the tail below. 
Under Wing-coverts. The coverts of the under surface of the wing; 
the wing-lining. 
Upper-parts. The entire upper surface, from forehead to tail. 
Upper tail-coverts. The feathers overlying the base of the tail above. 
Vane. The whole of a feather excepting the shaft and quill; the web. 
Vent. The anus. 
