[ 863 ] 
ag aaa | 
XIX. Further Observations on the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal- 
Measures.—Part I. Calamites, Calamostachys, and Sphenophyllum. 
By W. C. Wituiamson, LL.D., F.R.S., Emeritus Professor of Botany in the Owens 
College, Manchester, and D. H. Scort, M.A., Ph.D., Honorary Keeper of the 
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Gardens, Kew. 
Received December 30, 1893,—Read February 8, 1894. 
[PLATES 72-86. ] 
PRELIMINARY NOTE BY W. C. WILLIAMSON. 
A Few words in explanation of the origin of this new enquiry may be desirable. During 
the investigations into the organization of the fossil carboniferous plants upon which I 
have been engaged for more than forty years, I have brought to light a number of 
structural features different from any discoverable amongst allied planis living at the 
present day. Though morphological truth was the main object of my researches, it 
was impossible wholly to exclude thoughts respecting the modes of growth by which 
these structural combinations have been produced. Many such suggestions are 
scattered through my numerous memoirs; some of them I believe to be true; others 
are fairly open to such doubts as have been expressed by my friend, Graf zu Sorts, 
and others. 
My morphological enquiries seem to have reached a stage that makes a more 
minutely careful examination of these questions of development and growth desirable ; 
but before specially undertaking this, I saw clearly the extreme importance of doing 
so in combination with some younger colleague whose familiarity with the details of 
the physiology of living plants was greater than my own. Under these circumstances 
I have secured the co-operation of Dr. D. H. Scort, and the present paper embodies 
the results of our united investigations. The work has been carried out in the Jodrell 
Laboratory of the Royal Gardens, Kew. W.C. W. 
I, CALAMITES.* 
INTRODUCTION. 
The fossil stems which we are about to consider, and which we include, in conformity 
* References to the extensive previous literature of our subject will be found scattered through the 
series of memoirs, by W. OC. Wittiamsoy, in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ’ 
(1871-1893). A full summary of our knowledge, up to 1887, is given by Count Soums-Lavsacu in his 
MDCCCXCIV.—B. 58 7.2.95 
Dy 
