126 DISEASES OF THE HORSE’S FOOT 
shoe, the application of a tip is simple. In reality, the tip 
is just an ordinary shoe shortened by truncating the heels. 
Before applying the tip, the horn of the wall at the toe 
should be shortened sufficiently to prevent any undue 
obliquity of the hoof, and the foot should be so prepared as 
to allow the heels of the tip to sink flush with the bearing 
edge of the wall behind it. 
When the foot does not allow of the removal of much 
horn at the toe, what is termed a ‘thinned’ tip is to be 
preferred. Its shape is sufficiently shown by the accom- 
panying figure (Fig. 65). 
With the tip the posterior half of the foot is allowed to 
come into contact with the ground, and the object we are 
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Fic. 64.—Tue Trp Saok ‘Let In’ Fic. 65.—THE THINNED 
THE Foot. Trp. 
striving for—namely, frog pressure, and greater facilities 
for alternate expansion and contraction of the heels—is 
thus brought about. 
(b) By Shoeing with the Charlier—The results brought 
about by the use of a tip may be arrived at by the applica- 
tion of a Charlier or preplantar shoe, or by a modified 
Charlier or Charlier tip. 
Briefly described, a Charlier is a shoe that allows the 
sole and the frog to come to the ground exactly as in the 
unshod foot. This is accomplished by running a groove 
round the inferior edge of the hoof by removing a portion 
of the bearing edge of the wall with a specially devised 
drawing-knife. 
