FAULTY CONFORMATION 148 
effect the contraction as a whole really going on. It is 
interesting, too, to note that by this outward cant of the 
wall below, and the bulging of the coronary margin above 
it, the contraction (a, a) is heightened in effect, and caused 
to appear greater than really it is. 
From what we have said it follows that contraction of 
the heels, excepting the extreme coronary margin, is 
existent generally, and not confined solely to a, a. 
We have, then, in this condition, as we indicated at the 
commencement, but a phase in the evolution of ordinary 
contracted heels, for, with the progress of the contraction 
already existing at a, a, and below those points, it is only 
fair to assume that with it falling in of the at present 
bulging coronary margin must sooner or later occur, that, 
though expanded when compared with the wall below it, 
it will be really contracted as compared with what it was 
once in that same foot. 
We may therefore conclude this section by remarking 
that factors tending to contraction of the heels in general 
are equally potent in the causation of contracted coronet 
alone. 
Treatment.—Exactly that described for contracted heels. 
Bearing in mind that contracted coronary margin is but 
the onset of contracted heels, and that its first exciting 
cause is that of removal of the ground-pressure upon the 
frog, the most careful attention must be paid to the shoeing. 
The use of bar shoes, ordinary frog pads, or heelless shoes 
and bar pads, are especially indicated, together with 
abundant exercise. By these means the normal move- 
ments of expansion will be brought into play, and the 
condition quickly remedied. 
C. FLAT-FOOT. 
Definition.—By this term is indicated a condition of the 
foot where the natural concavity of the sole is absent. 
Symptoms.—In the flat-foot the inferior edge of the wall, 
the sole, and the frog, all lie more or less in the same 
