DISEASES FROM FAULTY CONFORMATION 177 
shoe. In this connection it is necessary to point out that 
on no account should ‘ springing ’ of the heels of the shoe 
be allowed. Fig. 98 illustrates the ill-practice. 
In this case, when the entire weight is thrown on 
to the heels, the portion of wall posterior to the crack is 
bound to participate unduly in the downward movement, 
and so tend to widening of the crack at its highest point. 
We have already referred to the matter of ‘clips.’ In 
no case, whether the crack be at the toe or in the quarters, 
should a clip be placed immediately below it. If the crack 
is at the toe, the usual clip should be dispensed with, and 
a clip at each side made to take its place. At the same 
time care should be taken to avoid throwing the weight far 
LLL EE 
Fic. 93.—Tse BEARING ‘EASED’ BY ‘SPRINGING’ THE HEEL OF 
THE SHOE. 
forward. For that reason a shoe with calkins or with very 
high heels should be removed, and a shoe with an ordinary 
flat web substituted. 
In the case of quarter-crack, where the constant move- 
ment of the parts under expansion and contraction of the 
foot makes itself most felt, it is wise to apply a shoe with 
clips fitting moderately tight against the inside of the bars. 
By this means movement will to a very large extent be 
curtailed. 
Where a marked tendency to contraction is found, as 
is often the case with quarter-crack, then the shoe with 
the clips may be rendered more marked in its operation 
by giving to the outer face of each clip—that face applied to 
the bar—a slope from above downwards and outwards. 
In other words, a slipper shoe should be applied and the 
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