DISEASES FROM FAULTY CONFORMATION 179 
method of dealing with sand-erack ag has yet been devised. 
It may be done in a variety of ways: (1) By two grooves 
arranged about the crack in the form of a V, as Fig. 94; 
(2) by a perpendicular groove on either side of the crack, 
about 1 inch in distance from it, and parallel with the 
horn fibres, as Fig. 95; (8) by a single horizontal groove 
at the extreme upper limit of the crack; (4) by drawing 
two horizontal grooves, one at its upper and one at its 
lower end (see Fig. 96). 
Yi 
a 
tt 
iy, 
Fie. 95. Fie, 96. 
In Figs. 94, 95, and 96 the thick black lines illustrate the positions of 
the various grooves made with the firing-iron for the purpose of 
- immobilizing a quarter sand-crack. 
The points to be observed in carrying out this line of 
treatment are simple enough. In all cases see that the 
crack is rendered as clean as possible by the use of suitable 
dressings, and if an excess of horn is present immediately 
around it, as in the case of a long-standing and complicated 
lesion, have it thinned down by rasping. 
All that is then needed is one or two moderately sharp, 
flat firing-irons. The groove is then burned into the horn 
in the positions indicated, and that portion of the wall con- 
12—2 
