PREFACE 
The favorable reception accorded to the author’s revised 
Elements of Botany has led him to hope that a somewhat fuller 
book along the same lines might find a place. Accordingly 
the present work has been prepared especially for the use of 
secondary schools which devote a year to botany. It will 
also be found usable in schools which devote less than a year 
to the subject, but which prefer to spend on the study of 
spore-plants a considerable portion of the total time available 
for the science. 
Chapters 1-xx1 will be found essentially identical with the 
first twenty-one chapters of the Elements. The matter in 
Chapters xx11I-xxvu relating to cryptogamic types has been 
rewritten and much extended. While the number of forms 
discussed is kept within moderate limits, it is believed that 
enough types are treated and that the presentation is suffi- 
ciently full to enable the pupil to realize that each of the 
higher plants is descended from a series of lower ones. Much 
detail in the discussion of plant evolution seems too difficult 
for most secondary schools. 
The experience of a decade has shown that the study of 
ecology, except in the most elementary form, demands more 
kinds of knowledge and a better matured judgment than the 
“beginner in botany can command. The teacher who wishes 
to do more with the subject than is suggested in the present 
book is referred to Part III of Bergen and Davis’ Laboratory 
and Field Manual of Botany. 
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