CHAPTER IX 
BUDS 
104. Structure of Buds.— While studying twigs in their 
winter condition, as directed in Sects. 63, 64, the student 
had occasion to notice the presence, position, and arrange- 
ment of buds on the branch, but he was not called upon 
to look into the details of their structure. The most nat- 
ural time to do this is just before the study of the leaf is 
begun, since leafy stems spring from buds, and the rudi- 
ments of leaves in some form must be found in buds. 
105. The Horse-Chestnut Bud. — Examine one of the lateral buds 
on a twig in its winter or early spring condition. 
Make a sketch of the external appearance of the buds as seen 
with a magnifying glass. : 
How do the scales with which it is 
covered lie with reference to those 
beneath them? 
Notice the sticky coating on the scales. 
Are the scales opposite or alternate ? 
Remove the scales in pairs, placing 
them in order on a sheet of paper, thus: 
Make the distance from 1 to 1 as much 
as 6 or 8 inches. 
How many pairs are found? 
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1 The best possible time for this examination is just as the buds are begin- 
ning to swell slightly in the spring. The bud of buckeye or of cottonwood 
will do for this examination, though each is on a good deal smaller scale than 
the horse-chestnut bud. Buds may be forced to open early by placing twigs 
in water in a very warm, light place for many weeks. 
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