90 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY 
Most of the buds so far considered were leaf-buds, that 
is, the parts inside of the scales would develop into leaves, 
Fie. 51. Accessory 
Buds of Butternut. 
(Reduced.) 
1, leaf-scar; az, axil- 
lary bud; a, a’, ac- 
cessory buds; ¢, ter- 
minal bud. 
and their central axes into stems; but 
some were mized buds, that is, they con- 
tained both leaves and flowers in an 
undeveloped condition. 
Flower-buds contain the rudiments of 
flowers only. 
Sometimes, as in the black walnut and 
the butternut, the leaf-buds and flower- 
buds are readily distinguishable by their 
difference in form, while in other cases, 
as in the cultivated cherry, the differ- 
ence in form is but slight. 
The rings of scars about the twig, 
shown in Fig. 54, mark the place where 
the bases of bud-scales were attached. 
A little examination of the part of the 
twig which lies outside of this ring will 
lead one to the conclusion that this 
portion has all grown in the one spring 
and summer since the bud-scales of that 
particular ring dropped off. Following 
out this suggestion, it is easy to reckon 
the age of any moderately old portion of 
a branch, since it is equal to the num- 
ber of segments between the rings. In 
rapidly growing shoots of willow, pop- 
lar, and similar trees, 5 or 10 feet of 
the length may be the growth of a single year, while in the 
lateral twigs of the hickory, apple, or cherry the yearly 
increase may be but a fraction of an inch. Such fruiting 
