LEAVES 99 
identifying them. The student is not expected to learn the 
names of the several shapes of leaves as a whole or of their 
bases, tips, or margins, except in those cases in which he 
needs to use and apply them. 
Many of the words used to 
describe the shapes of leaves are 
equally applicable to the leaf- 
like parts of flowers. 
116. The Maple Leaf. — Sketch the 
leafy twig. 
Are the leaves arranged in rows 
like those of the elm? How are they 
arranged ? 
How are the petioles distorted from 
their natural positions to bring the 
proper surface of the leaf upward toward the light? 
Do the edges of these leaves show larger spaces between them 
than the elm leaves did, i.e., would a spray of maple intercept the 
sunlight more or less perfectly than a 
spray ofelm? Pull.off a single leaf and 
sketch its lower surface, about natural 
size. 
Of the two main parts whose names 
have already been learned (blade and 
petiole), which is more developed in the 
maple than in the elm leaf? 
Describe : 
(a) The shape of the maple leaf as a 
whole. To settle this, place the leaf on 
paper, mark the positions of the extreme 
Fie. 61. Pinnately Divided points, and connect these by a smooth 
Leaf of Celandine. line. 
The blade of the leaf is discon- (5) Its outline as to main divisions; 
tinuous, consisting of several of what kind and how many ? 
i hich ‘ : : 
Laie pe oat ett er (c) The detailed outline of the mar- 
thebladehasbeendeveloped. gin. (See Appendix I.) 
Fic. 60. Netted Veining (pal- 
mate) in Leaf of Melon. 
