144 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY 
Cut off one stamen, and sketch it as seen through the magnifying 
glass. Notice that it consists of a greenish stalk, the filament, and 
a broader portion, the anther (Fig. 108). The latter is easily seen 
to contain a prolongation of the green filament, nearly surrounded 
by a yellow substance. In the bud it will be found that the anther 
consists of two long pouches or anther-cells, which are attached by 
their whole length to the filament and face inward (towards the 
center of the flower). When the flower is fairly open the anther- 
cells have already split down their margins and are discharging a 
yellow, somewhat sticky powder, the pollen. 
Examine one of the anthers with the microscope, using the two- 
inch objective, and sketch it. 
Cut away all the stamens and sketch the pistil. It consists of a 
stout lower portion, the ovary, which is six-ridged or angled, and 
which bears at its summit three slender stigmas. 
In another flower, which has begun to wither (and in which the 
ovary is larger than in a newly opened flower), cut the ovary across 
about the middle, and try to make out with the magnifying glass 
the number of chambers or cedis which it contains. Examine the 
cross-section with the two-inch objective, sketch it, and note partic- 
ularly the appearance and mode of attachment of the undeveloped 
seeds or ovules with which it is filled. Make a vertical section of 
another rather mature ovary, and examine this in the same way. 
Using a fresh flower, construct a diagram to show the relation of the 
parts on an imaginary cross-section, as illustrated in Fig. 116.1 Con- 
struct a diagram of a longitudinal section of the flower, on the general 
plan of those in Fig. 114, but showing the contents of the ovary. 
Make a tabular list of the parts of the flower, beginning with 
the sepals, giving the order of parts and number in each set. 
173. The Flower of the Tulip.?— Make a diagram of a side view 
of the well-opened flower as it appears when standing in sunlight. 
1 It is important to notice that such a diagram is not a picture of the section 
actually produced by cutting through the flower crosswise at any one level, 
put that it is rather a projection of the sections through the most typical part 
of each of the floral organs. 
2 Tulipa Gesneriana. As the flowers are rather expensive and their parts 
are large and firm, it is not absolutely necessary to give a flower to each pupil, 
but some may be kept entire for sketching and others dissected by the class. 
All the flowers must be single. 
