188 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY 
tissue, the outer portion pulpy and edible, the inner por- 
tion of almost stony hardness. In common language the 
hardened inner layer of the pericarp, enclosing the seed, 
is called the stone (Fig. 140); hence the name stone-fruits, 
228. The Pome.— The fruit of the apple, pear, and 
quince is called a pome. It consists of an ovary of sev- 
eral carpels— the seeds and 
the tough membrane sur- 
rounding them in the core 
— enclosed by a fleshy, edi- 
ble portion which makes up 
the main bulk of the fruit. 
In the apple and the pear 
much of the fruit is re- 
ceptacle. 
229. The Pepo or Gourd- 
Fruit.—In the squash, 
pumpkin, cucumber, and all 
of the species and varieties 
Fie. 141. Cross-Section of 
an Orange. 
a, axis of fruit with dots showing cut-off 
ends of fibro-vascular bundles; p, par- 
tition between cells of ovary; S, seed; 
e, cell of ovary filled with a pulp com- 
posed of irregular tubes full of juice; 
0, oil reservoirs near outer surface of 
rind; ev, corky layer of epidermis. 
of melons and gourds the 
ripened ovary, together 
with the thickened recep- 
tacle, makes up a peculiar 
fruit (with a firm outer 
rind) known as the pepo. The relative bulk of greatly 
enlarged hollow receptacle and of ovary in such fruits is 
not always the same. 
How does the amount of material derived from fleshy 
and thickened placente in the squash compare with that 
in the watermelon? 
230. The Berry. — The berry proper, such as the tomato, 
grape, persimmon, gooseberry, currant, and so on, consists 
