252 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY 
(6) The surface markings. i 
(c) The number, shape, and mode of branching of the appendages. 
Draw a sac fruit showing the points above mentioned (a — c). 
IV. Tue Srore-Sacs anp Spores. 
Mount in water a few sac fruits under a very small cover-glass 
and press the latter strongly against 
the slide with a scalpel handle or the 
square end of a lead pencil until some 
sac fruits are crushed. Examine with 
h.p. and note: 
(a) The spore-sacs (ase?) escaping 
from the spore fruits. 
(6) The spores contained in the 
spore-sacs. Make a drawing to show 
the asci escaping from the spore fruit, 
and the number, shape, and size of 
the spores within the ascus. 
325. Reproduction. — Micro- 
sphera is reproduced in two , 
ways. One method is asexual, 
by means of abundant aérial 
spores known as conidia, formed 
by the subdivision of special 
hyphe into short segments, 
each of which may grow into a 
new plant. The other method 
is sexual, by the union of un- 
Fic. 176. The Morel (Morchella equal gametes to form a sac 
i fruit} (developed somewhat like 
that of the red alge) which contains many spore-sacs. 
326. Discussion. — The sac fungi are of interest to those 
who are not specialists in the study of this group, mainly 
1In most sac fungi it is very difficult to find the gametes; therefore no 
laboratory work on them is here given. 
