CLASS I. GYMNOSPERMS 
Plants destitute of a closed ovary, style, or stigma. Ovules 
generally borne naked on a carpellary scale, which forms part 
of a cone. Cotyledons often several (Fig. 1). 
1. PINACEZ. Pine Famity 
Trees or shrubs with wood destitute of ducts, with resinous 
and aromatic juice. Leaves generally evergreen, and needle- 
shaped or awl-shaped. Flowers destitute of floral envelopes, 
moncecious or dicecious, the staminate ones consisting of 
catkin-like spikes of stamens and the pistillate ones consist- 
ing of ovule-bearing scales, arranged in spikes, which ripen 
into cones. 
A 
Each scale of the cone borne in the axil of a bract. Seeds 2, with wings. 
Leaves evergreen, in bundles of 2-5. Pinus, I 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, sessile, keeled on both surfaces. 
Picea, II 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, petioled, flat. Tsuga, IIT 
Leaves solitary, evergreen, flat above, keeled below. Abies, IV 
Leaves clustered, deciduous, flat. Larix, V 
B 
Scales of the cone without bracts, cone becoming globular and woody. 
Leaves linear. : 
Leaves alternate, deciduous. Taxodium, VI 
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