PINE FAMILY 15 
4. P. virginiana Mill. Scrus Pins. A small tree, usually 20-30 ft. 
high, but sometimes much taller; bark of the trunk rough, nearly 
black; twigs smooth and with a bloom. Leaves in twos, 1-2 in. 
Fig. 1. Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) 
1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins; ), pistillate catkins; c, a cone; d, 
needles. 2, an anther: a, side view; 0b, outer surface. 3, a carpel scale: 
a, inner surface; b, outer surface. 4, a a cone scale, b a seed wing, and 
ca seed. 5, section of a seed, showing the embryo. 1 is natural size; 
parts 2, 3, and 5 are magnified by the amount indicated by comparison 
with the vertical line alongside each. (After Wossidlo) 
long, rigid, sheaths very short. Staminate catkins dull, yellowish- 
purple, 1 in. long. Cones solitary, short-peduncled, often reflexed, 
ellipsoid-conic, about 2 in. long; scales thickened at the apex and 
