SEDGE FAMILY 23 
overlapping each other on-1-many-flowered spikelets ; these 
are variously grouped in spikes, panicles, and so on. Fruit 
Fic. 4. Vernal grass (Anthoxanthum) 
A, a one-flowered spikelet: a, b, the outer empty glumes. B, a spikelet with the 
outer glumes removed: c, ¢,the inner empty glumes (neuter Howers) with 
long, bristle-shaped appendages; d, e, palets; anth., anthers; stig., stigmas. 
C, diagram of cross section of a spikelet: a, glume; d, palet. D, a fruit. 
(All magnified.) (After Cosson and De Saint-Pierre) 
agrain. (The family is too difficult for the beginner, but the 
structure and grouping of the flowers may be gathered from a 
careful study of Figs. 2, 3, 4.) 
5. CYPERACE2. SepGe Famity 
Grass-like or rush-like herbs, with solid, usually triangular, 
stems, growing in tufts. The sheathing base of the generally 
3-ranked leaves, when present, is not slit as in grasses. The 
flowers are usually somewhat less inclosed by bracts than 
those of grasses; the perianth is absent or rudimentary; 
stamens generally 3; style 2-cleft or 3-cleft. 
