ARUM FAMILY 25 
along a peculiar fleshy spike called a spadix, and frequently 
more or less covered by a large, hood-like bract called a spathe. 
Perianth, when present, of 4-6 parts; often wanting. Fruit 
usually a berry. 
I. ARISHMA Martius 
Perennial herbs, springing from a corm or a tuberous root- 
stock. Spathe rolled up at base. Summit of spadix naked, the 
lower part flower-bearing ; staminate flowers above, pistillate 
ones below. Stigma flat. Ovary 1-celled. Berry 1—-few-seeded. 
1. A. triphyllum Schott. Inp1an Turnip, JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 
Leaves generally 2, each of 3 elliptical-ovate, pointed leaflets. Spadix 
club-shaped, bearing usually only one kind of fully developed flowers; 
that is, full-sized pistillate and rudimentary staminate ones, or the 
reverse. Spathe much longer than the spadix, and covering it like a 
hood. Corm turnip-like, but much wrinkled, very starchy, and filled 
with intensely burning juice. 
2. A. Dracontium Schott. Green Dragon, Dragon Root. Leaf 
usually single, divided into 7-11 rather narrow, pointed leaflets; 
spadix tapering to a long, slender point, often bearing fully developed 
staminate and pistillate flowers. 
Il. SYMPLOCARPUS Salish. (SPATHYEMA) 
Rootstock very stout, with many long, cylindrical roots. 
Leaves clustered, very large, and entire. Spathe shell-shaped, 
very thick. Spadix globular, thickly covered with bisexual flow- 
ers. Sepals 4. Stamens 4. Style dangled. Fruit globular or 
ellipsoidal, with the seeds slightly buried in the enlarged spadix. 
Coarse, stemless herbs, with a powerful scent like that of 
the skunk and of onions. ; 
1. S. fetidus Nutt. Skunk Cassace. Leaves many, slightly 
petioled, 1-2 ft: long, appearing after the flowers. The latter are 
usually seen before the ground is wholly free from frost, often earlier 
than any other flower. Bogs and wet meadows, very common N. 
I. ACORUS L. 
Rootstocks horizontal, long, and moderately stout, aromatic. 
Leaves long, upright, sword-shaped. Spathe much like the 
