ELM FAMILY 63 
serrate, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in close clusters with very short pedi- 
cels. Fruit obovate-elliptical, with a fissure extending almost to the 
seed, nearly smooth and not ciliate. Considerably planted as a shade 
tree and rarely escaped from cultivation. Very variable, one variety 
with thick ridges of cork on thé twigs. 
3. U. americana L. Wuire Exm. A large tree with gray bark, 
drooping branches, and smooth or slightly downy twigs. Leaves oval 
or obovate, abruptly taper-pointed at the apex, obtuse and oblique at 
the base, slightly rough above, soft-downy or soon smooth beneath. 
Flowers in close fascicles; pedicels slender, smooth. Fruit oval or 
obovate, with 2 sharp teeth bending toward each other at the apex; 
Fic. 12. Ulmus campestris 
A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a 
fruit. (4, D, natural size; B, C, enlarged.) (After Wossidlo) 
wing reticulate-veined, downy on the margin. In moist, rich soil. 
A widely planted ornamental tree; wood strong but warping badly, 
and not durable when exposed.* 
4. U. racemosa Thomas. Corx Exim, Rocx Exo. A large tree 80— 
100 ft. high, with the young twigs somewhat downy; the branches 
often with ridges of cork. Leaves much as in U. americana, but 
smaller and less sharply serrate. Flowers racemed, on thread-like 
pedicels. Fruit oval, downy on the surface and densely ciliate. 
In rich soil, especially along river banks. A highly valuable timber 
tree. 
5. U. alata Michx. Winaep Exim. A small tree with branches 
corky-winged. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, 
base nearly equal-sided, rough above, downy beneath, nearly sessile. 
