88 KEY AND FLORA 
VI. CLEMATIS L. 
Perennial herbs or slightly woody vines, usually climbing 
by the leafstalks. Leaves opposite, simple or compound. 
Sepals 4, petal-like. Petals very small or wanting. Pistils 
numerous, tipped by the persistent styles, which often become 
long and plumose in fruit.* 
1. C. crispa LL. Marsu Ciemartis. Stem climbing, a little woody 
below, slightly downy above, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves pinnately com- 
pound; leaflets 5-7, varying from lanceolate to ovate, thin, entire 
or 3-5-lobed. Flowers showy, perfect, solitary, on long axillary pedun- 
cles. Sepals lanceolate, taper-pointed, thick, wavy on the margins, 
twice the length of the stamens, light bluish-purple, 1-1} in. in length. 
Tails of the ripened akenes 1 in. long, silky. Rich woods and river 
banks 8.* ; 
2. C. Viorna L. LeatHeR FLower. Stem climbing, nearly smooth, 
6-10 ft. long. Leaves usually pinnately compound, the lowest pair 
often compound in threes and the upper pair simple. Leaflets usu- 
ally 5-7, oblong-ovate or oval, acute, firm, entire or lobed. Calyx 
bell-shaped, nodding; sepals ovate, taper-pointed with a short, re- 
curved point, thick and leathery, reddish-purple, 1 in. long. Tails 
of the akenes plumose, 1} in. long, brownish. On river banks and 
rich soil.* 
VO. ISOPYRUM L. 
Small, smooth herbs. Leaves 2-3 times compound, in 
threes; the leaflets 2-3-lobed. Flowers peduncled, white. 
Sepals 5, petal-like, soon falling. Petals wanting (in our 
species). Stamens 10-40. Pistils 3-6 or more. 
1. I. biternatum T. & G. A delicate, erect plant, with alternate 
branches, looking much like Anemonella, with clustered stems from 
perennial tuberous roots. Damp woods. 
VIII. CALTHA L. 
Smooth perennials with large, roundish leaves. Sepals 
petal-like, 5-9. Petals none. Pistils 5-10, each consisting 
of a 1-celled ovary with a nearly sessile stigma. Fruit a 
many-seeded follicle. 
1. C. palustris L. Marsa Maricoip, Cowsties, Meapow But- 
TERCUP (both the latter unsuitable names, but in common use). Stem 
hollow, smooth, ascending ; leaves smooth, roundish and heart-shaped, 
