DOGWOOD FAMILY 175 
involucre. Calyx teeth wanting. Fruit oval, very flat, with a 
thin wing; oil tubes single, running the whole length. 
1. P. sativa L. Common Parsnip. Cultivated from Europe for 
its large, conical, sweet and edible roots. Also introduced in waste 
places. 
X. HERACLEUM L. 
A stout perennial, with the very large leaves compound in 
threes. Umbels large, compound, with the involucels many- 
leaved. Petals white, inversely heart-shaped, the outer ones 
usually 2-cleft and larger. Calyx with 5 small teeth. Fruit. 
tipped with a thick, conical enlargement of the style, with 
three blunt ribs on the outer surface of each carpel and a large. 
oil tube in each interval between the ribs. Seeds flat. 
1. H. Janatum Michx. Cow Parsnip. Stem grooved and woolly, 
4-8 ft. high. Leaflets petioled, broad, deeply and irregularly toothed. 
XI. DAUCUS L. 
Annual or biennial, bristly-hairy herbs. Leaves pinnately 
twice or more compound, the divisions slender. Umbels com- 
pound, many-rayed. Flowers small, white. Calyx teeth slen- 
der or wanting. Petals notched, the point bent inward, often 
unequal. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, with rows of spines. 
1. D. Carota L. Common Carror. Erect, 1-3 ft. high, with a 
conical, fleshy, orange-colored root. Lower and basal leaves 2-3- 
pinnate. Central flower of each umbel and sometimes of each um- 
bellet larger and very dark purple, with the corolla irregular. Cul- 
tivated from Europe for the edible roots; also introduced in pastures 
and meadows and along roadsides E. 
74. CORNACEZ. Dogwoop FamiLy 
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, 
without stipules. Flowers small, actinomorphic, variously 
clustered. Limb of the calyx epigynous, very short. Petals 
4-5, borne on the margin of a disk on top of the ovary. 
Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals. Ovary 1-4-celled, with 
one ovule in each cell; style 1. Fruit (in our species) a 1-2- 
celled and 1—2-seeded drupe. 
